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Solar energy related publications

 

 

Identification & Assessment of  the Application Potential of  Solar Photovoltaic Water Pumping Initiative (PVP) in Bangladesh (STAGE-I A)
 by DEUTSCHE GESELLSCAFT FUER TECHNISCHE ZUSAMMERBEIT (GTZ)

Survey on the Technical Durability of SHS in Rural Bangladesh Survey: April 2008 / Eschborn, August 2008, Tim Raabe (gtz) ,Michael Blunck (gtz), Frank van Bussel (SenterNovem), Robert Heine (gtz)

 

  Roof-Top Grid-Connected PV Power System for Renewable Energy Research Centre (RERC), Financed by the Ministry of Science and Information & Communication Technology Govt. of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

  Feasibility of Small Solar Home System (SSHS) (<30 Wp)  Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development Project (REREDP)

  Abstracts of  some upcoming reports/publications

CMES experience of the rural home electrification through Solar PV within a microcredit arrangement

  Rooftop Grid-Connected  Solar Photovoltaic system

Abstracts of National Seminar on Renewable Energy Focus on Climate Change Mitigation: Role of Renewables,  Dhaka, Bangladesh, 24-25 March, 2008. Organized by Renewable Energy Research Centre, University of Dhaka,  Bangladesh Solar Energy Society

Electricity generation by Photovoltaics from sun – can be the driving force to meet the current power crisis in Bangladesh.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF WIND DATA AT ENGINEERING STAFF COLLEGE, MEGHNAGHAT STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF WIND DATA AT ENGINEERING STAFF COLLEGE, MEGHNAGHAT

A SOFTWARE FOR EFFICIENCY CALCULATION FOR A TWO PHASE THERMO-SYPHON TYPE SOLAR WATER HEATER, Engr. Masud Zaman, Assistant Engineer, BGSL; E-mail:masudzaman@engineer.com , Bakhrabad Gas Systems Limited

Rapidly growing solar installer provides clean cooking  as well by Grameen Shakti, Bangladesh  

Promoting solar PV for poverty reduction in Bangladesh

 

Primary Field Survey Report  PROMOTION OF MODERN DRYING TECHNOLOGIES  IN RURAL AREAS OF BANGLADESH  Funded by GTZ  

Replacing Kerosine Based Lighting Systems (Hurricane/Kupi) with the White LED in Rural Area in Bangladesh through Solar Energy

BRRI Solar Dryer : Reduce Post Harvest Loss and Save Seed Health

SOLAR DRYING OF FRUITS AND FISH by Bangladesh Agricultural University

Solar Energy to key to Rural Development in Bangladesh [pdf 503.05 kb ]

Battery maintenance & trouble shooting - by Rahimafrooz Batteries Ltd.

Miniaturized Solar Home  System for lighting purpose with Light Emitting Diodes

Experience with solar home systems in developing countries

 

 

Installation of Solar Home Systems in Bangladesh CLEAN DEVELOPMENT ...


Grameen Shakti : Financing Renewable Energy in Bangladesh

 

 

Energy Efficiency   : Bangladesh Perspective

 

1. Sustainable Energy for Development  - A Project Supported by GTZ( Working Paper ), Productivity Improvement in Industry through Energy Efficiency Programs,  Prepared by: Centre for Energy Studies (CES), BUET, Dhaka, May 20061.

2. Cogeneration and Energy Savings , M. A. Rashid Sarkar , Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,  Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka

3. Energy Saving Through HVAC System Improvement,  Md. Zahurul Haq, Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka

4. Energy Saving through Improved Boiler and Pipeline Schemes, Md. Ehsan, Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka

5. Energy Efficient Lighting ,  Shahidul I. Khan , Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Director, Centre for Energy Studies, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka

6.   Project Implementation Report  On Consultancy Services to PSL for “Solar Powered Classroom” and “SSHSs for School Going Children.

7. Fundamentals of Electric Motors and Transformers

8. Energy Saving with Electronic Ballasts in Readymade Garments (RMG) Factories

9. Energy Efficient Machines

10.  Energy Auditing and Energy Management

11.  Experiences in Installation and Operation of Energy Efficient Rice Parboiling Systems

12. Financial Analysis of Energy Savings

13. ADSORPTIVE SOLAR SPACE COOLING- A CASE STUDY FOR THE CLIMATIC CONDITION OF ORLY, FRANCE, K C A Alama, F. Meunierb and M. Clausseb, Department of ECE, East-West University, 43 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh, bLaboratorie du Froid, Cnam-IFFI, 292 rue Saint-Martin, 75003 Paris, France

14. An Experimental Investigation on Photovoltaic Power output through Single Axis Automatic, Controlled Sun-tracker. R.A. Beg, M.R. I. Sarker, Riaz Parvez, Department of Mechanical Engineering, RUET, Bangladesh

15. A NEW GENERATION ENERGY EFFICIENT RESIDENTIAL HOUSE IN AUSTRALIA, Firoz Alam1 and Tranon Theos2,  1School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia , 2Homes Freee Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia

 

 

Abstract of Solar Energy Related Publications

 

 

DEVELOPMENT OF A POLLUTION FREE SOLAR DRIER FOR TOMATO

Dr. Md. Ayub Hossain1,* and Muhammad Arshadul Hoque2

1Senior Scientific Officer, 2 Scientific Officer

 Machinery Repair and Maintenance Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute

Corresponding author's email: mahossain64@yahoo.com

 

 

A GREENHOUSE THERMAL MODELLING

Prof. Dr. Md. Sakhawat Hussain ( Or M. S. Hussain)

11/C Fullar Road, Dhaka Unive5sity, Dhaka-1000, BANGLADESH

 

 

PERFORMANCE OF A SOLAR CELL

Prof. Dr. Md. Sakhawat Hussain ( Or M. S. Hussain)

11/C Fullar Road, Dhaka Unive5sity, Dhaka-1000, BANGLADESH

 

 

THE INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF HEAT EXCHANGERS

Prof. Dr. Md. Sakhawat Hussain ( Or M. S. Hussain)

11/C Fullar Road, Dhaka Unive5sity, Dhaka-1000, BANGLADESH

 

  

Technology, People’s Participation and Future Challenges: in the lance of Climate Change

 

Md. A. Halim Miah,

Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh (CIPRB)

 

1st Floor, House-226, Road-15 Lake Road, New DOHS, Mohakhali, Dhaka-1206,

Office: 8861258, Fax: 88-02-8861499

 

 

Statistical Analysis of Wind Data at Engineering Staff College, Meghnaghat

Arafat A. Bhuiyan1, A K M Sadrul Islam1 and M Murtaza Ali2

1Department of Mechanical & Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh, Tel: +880 2  9291250,Email:sadrul@iut-dhaka.edu

2 Local Government Engineering Department, Agargaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh

 

 

Applicability of ITO for achieving highly efficient solar cell

 

Dilshad Mahjabeen,Zahid Hasan Mahmood,Shahida Rafique

 

  

SIDR: THE PRODUCT OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE – ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED URGENTLY

-         Professor Dr. Shahdia Rafique,

Department of Applied Physics, Electronics and Communication Engineering, University of Dhaka.

  

 

A solar-aware wireless sensor network based on low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy

 

Ajmery Sultana and  Shahida Rafique

Applied physics, Electronics and communication engineering

University of dhaka

 

 

A SOFTWARE FOR EFFICIENCY CALCULATION FOR A TWO PHASE THERMO-SYPHON TYPE SOLAR WATER HEATER

Engr. Masud Zaman

Assistant Engineer, BGSL; E-mail:masudzaman@engineer.com

Bakhrabad Gas Systems Limited

 

As-LEACH: AN ADVANCED SOLAR AWARE PROTOCOL FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Md. Muhidul Islam Khan1, Dr.Shahida Rafique2

muhit_smart@yahoo.com, shahidarafique@hotmail.com

1 Computer Science and Engineering, BUET, 2 Dept. of APE

 

 

 

Roof Top Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic System For Renewable Energy Research Center of University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

                        

                               S Huque, R. K. Mazumder, S K Adittya, and M.H Rahman

Department of Applied Physics, Electronics and Communication Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh, email saifulhq@citechco.net

 

 

A Concept Note on Biogas : Lesson Learned by Bangladesh Association of Social Advancement (BASA).

Quazi Alamgir Kabir

Senior Environment Development Officer

Bangladesh Association of Social Advancement (BASA)

 

 

Earth Air Tunnel and Cavity Wall as Passive Cooling For Energy Conservation in a Garment Factory of Bangladesh

 

Saiful Huque1, Sajedul Hossain Sarker2 and Shahadat Musharraf Khan3

1,2Renewable Energy Research Center, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000,

            3Section-7 Ltd. Chittagong Export Processing Zone,Halishahar, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Email-saifulhq@citechco.net,qrtzcom@bdcom.com

 

 

ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION FROM RICE HUSK

 

Khursheed-Ul-Islam and *Shahidul I. Khan

German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), Dhaka,

*Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, BUET, Dhaka

 

 

 

Climate Change Mitigation : Role of Renewable Energy.

 

Dr.Md.Golam Mowla Choudhury.

Professor, Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering

Daffodil International University, Dhaha.

 

Abstract

When viewed from space, Earth is remarkably beautiful, and as we know, very hospitable to life. However, Earth’s atmosphere is only a very, very thin layer covering land and water surface. All of us who live on the surface must be grateful for the protection of this atmospheric layer which lies between us and the vacuum of the outer surface. Without it, life as we know it would not exist.

Human activities are now clearly threatening the very atmospheric life support system of mankind. If we allow to continue with this what will life be like in the year 2050? Perhaps not too pleasant! We could expect routine health advisory notices warning the public of high radiation counts and requesting to stay indoor between the hours of 10.00am and 3.00 pm. We could expect to see very major increases in suffering from skin cancer. We can expect to see major increases in the infectious diseases and decrease in effectiveness of vaccination program. There will be reduction in the productivity of the oceans, in the yield of crops. This will adversely affect every human being in every region on this planet. We may expect to see frequent storm, hurricane of higher magnitude, draught, floods etc.

This is not the kind of world we want to bequeath to future generations. Therefore, we must take prompt and appropriate action to stop this global experiment with the lives of our children and future generations

 To mitigate climate change and to stabilize greenhouse gas atmospheric concentration, it is required to reduce green house gases emission and other energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. Development and deployment of improved and new low carbon energy technologies are needed. Besides reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improved energy technology  and the use of renewable energy (clean energy) can enhance energy security and environmental protection, and provide co-benefits such as improved air quality.

Renewable energy effectively uses natural resources such as sunlight, wind,  rain, tides and geothermal heat, which are naturally replenished. Renewable energy technologies range from solar power, wind power, hydroelectricity/microhydro, biomass and biofuels for transportation. Renewable energy technologies are sometimes criticized for being unreliable or unsightly, yet the market is growing for many forms of renewable energy.

DETERMINATION OF THE LONG-TERMTREND OF GREEN HOUSE GASES   EMISSION FROM ENERGY SECTOR OF BANGLADESH

Farid  Hossen  Khan, Dr.A.B.M.Obaidul Islam and S.Akbar

Department of Physics, University of Dhaka,Dhaka-1000,Bangladesh

Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission

E-12/A,Agargaon, Shere-Bangla-Nagar,Dhaka-1207,Bangladesh.

  ABSTRACT

Globally, energy sector is identified as one of the main sector of GHG emission .Development industrial nations are responsible for reducing GHG emission as per Kyoto Protocol. However, the developing nations are not bounded to reduce the GHG emission but their economic development will be influenced by the GHG mitigation strategies of the developed nations. Moreover, the developing nations are expected to get financial and technological support demy Kyoto and post Kyoto phases .Recently, many developing countries have given attention to the study of GHG emission and finding the alternative paths for GHG mitigation. Like many developing nations, it is important for Bangladesh to estimation the GHG emission levels, future trends of GHG emissions and identify mitigation options. Energy is the vital proportion for the socio economic development of Bangladesh and this sector is developed rapidly. t is important to study and to estimate the GHG emission of this sector. It is also needed to identify and to explain the different mitigation options for developing mid term and long term energy sector of the country. We propose an energy chain of the country. The energy chain consists of all types of energy resources and techniques of resources extraction, transportation, installation, generation and uses of all form of energy. We apply the numerical model ENPEP(Energy and Power Evaluation  Programmed)to the proposed energy chain to estimate the GHG emission level and identify the energy generation technology and primary energy resources for mitigation of the GHG emission gaining sustainable long-term energy development of our country. This ENPEP model is enabled us to make a projection of GHG emission for the period 2004-2034.It is found from the estimated results that the rate of increment of CO2 emission is very high which will increase about 35% from the present level(2004)to the year 2015.It is seen that the other GHG gases such as CH4,N2O,NOX and particulate matters are also increased significantly. We have investigated to find out the mitigation options from different energy sectors of GHG emissions. We have found that the nuclear energy and solar will play a vital role in generation of electricity, natural gas in the transportation and high efficient biomass for cooking and other household activities.

 

Earth Air Tunnel and Cavity Wall as Passive Cooling For Energy Conservation in a Garment Factory of Bangladesh

 

Saiful Huque1, Sajedul Hossain Sarker2 and Shahadat Musharraf Khan3

1,2Renewable Energy Research Center, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000,

            3Section-7 Ltd. Chittagong Export Processing Zone,Halishahar, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Email- saifulhq@citechco.net,qrtzcom@bdcom.com

 

Abstract


 

Introduction:

Any building or factory with a large number of occupants in the hot and humid regions can reach high level of thermal stress. Adoption of passive cooling as an alternative to artificial cooling can bring important energy, environmental, financial, operational and qualitative benefits. However, without active cooling passive cooling alone cannot provide the appropriate thermal comfort standard. An addition of active cooling system using air conditioning and refrigeration generate multiple impacts on stratospheric ozone layer, which is primarily linked to release of ozone depleting refrigerants. Release of refrigerants and emission of green house gases (GHGs) make combined contribution to global warming. Very little work has been reported in the thermal performance of building that operates on a mixed cooling system in warm-humid climates.  Buildings with such design features are able to balance the need for comfort, eco friendliness and energy efficiency through the year. The economic advantage in terms of energy savings and reduction of GHGs were computed.

Methods:

A dual cooling system was designed and installed in a four-storied garment factory. The cooling system was designed with construction of one hundred Earth Air Tunnel (EAT) under the ground floor in addition to an active cooling system using air cooler. The building geometry was modified to reduce the cooling load by constructing of cavity walls along the sun path facing the building. Programmed active cooling and air circulation mechanism were added to the building to achieve the comfort standard, energy conservation and cost cuts. Supply of fresh air was part of the method too. The thermal performance study of the building system shows that in spite of outside temperature and solar gain during day light hours room temperature remains almost constant throughout. The daylong-operation by the designed system showed that the room temperature range varied from 28°- 29°C while the outside temperature was recorded as 32°-33°C. The room temperature and air circulation is optimized for each floor by changing the air velocity and air volume. The suitability of closed room and open room operation were studied for both summer and winter variables. An objective of lowering energy demand and moderating running cost was also made the targeted goal.

 

Results:

It was found that the factory saves on an average 500 Mega Watt. hour equivalent of electrical energy and 270 ton of Carbon Emission per year. The temperature and humidity level achieved for indoor comfort were 28-29°C and 65% respectively. The difference of productivity due to indoor comfort level with and without active cooling system was found to be significant.

Conclusion:

The energy crisis situation in the developing country like ours is gradually reaching to an alarming level. Demand for energy is increasing along with the pace of development. Which can also be attributed to a fast growing population. Rapid increase of energy cost has also necessitated the adoption of various mechanisms for an effective and significant saving of conventional energy.

Therefore, the inclusion of active and passive cooling system for a garments factory served both as an energy cost as well as and carbon emission reduction mechanism. A cool comfortable and dust free environment inside the production floors were achieved.

 

Title: Electricity generation by Photovoltaics from sun – can be the driving force to meet the current power crisis in Bangladesh.

 

Subrata Kumar Sarker

POWERSOL, New D.O.H.S., Mohakhali, Dhaka - 1206

 

ABSTRACT

 

Now – a – days power failure or load shedding has become the common phenomenon in Bangladesh whether in metropolitan area or in rural area. Electricity coverage is 42% only and per capita electrical consumption is about 140 kWh, both of which are the lowest in the world. The growth of industrialization is not satisfactory due to power crisis. Only about 13% electricity is being consumed by the industrial sector. A large portion, about 83% is being consumed by domestic purpose. But if we can introduce alternate source for household consumers then a large volume of electricity can be transferred to the industries. Here photovoltaics can play the vital role. PV cells produce electricity directly from sun, they are easy to install, play as the own power source of consumers and hence the owners of the system can regulate the whole system. Bangladesh has a good opportunity to produce electricity directly from the sun round the year. I have focused in my paper about introducing PV generated electricity mainly at the metropolitan areas. If we can produce electricity from the sun by placing Photovoltaics at the roofs/walls/sun slates of  the buildings, offices, divider of the roads, bank of the rivers and so on then power crisis can be solved. On the other hand reserve of fossil fuel will not disturbed and can be stored for future. Again Photovoltaics generated electricity will not produce CO2, SOx (mainly SO2 and SO3) and other gases which make the earth  warm. So by the use of photovoltaics environmental stability will also facilitate.

 

Daily global radiation tilt factor for Dhaka

 

H.R Ghosh, S K Khadem, N C Bhowmik and M Hussain

Renewable Energy Research Centre, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

E-mail: hrghosh@yahoo.com

 

Abstract:

It’s a common practice to tilt the solar radiation collecting surfaces at latitude angle to get optimum radiation over the year. For Dhaka computations for available radiation on tilted solar collector surfaces have been made for different tilt angles using the measured global and diffuse radiation data of 2007 to optimize the tilt. It is found that 100 tilt in summer and 400 in winter time gives highest value of incident radiation, 4.5% more than that of the fixed tilted surface. The computed values have been compared with the measured tilted surface (100 tilt for summer and 400 for winter months) radiation values and have found them within 0.12 rms error. The tilt factors for different months using 400 tilt for Mar-Sep and 100 tilt for Oct-Feb will help one in calculating tilted surface radiation from available solar radiation data, will make maximum utilization of the solar systems and a good contribution GHG emission mitigation.

 

The Potential of Electricity Generation from Poultry Droppings in Bangladesh.

 

Engr. Sheikh Ashraf Uz Zaman1 & Prof. M. A. Rashid Sarkar2

 

1Assistant Engineer, Titas Gas T&D Co. Ltd., Email: sheikh958@hotmail.com

2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET, Email: rashid@me.buet.ac.bd

 

Introduction: Bangladesh is one of the low energy consumption countries in the world. Per capita energy consumption in Bangladesh is 197 kg of oil equivalent (kgoe), which is far less than the averages for low income (563 kgoe) countries. Around 33% of the total population is covered by electricity network and 4% are covered under natural gas network.  About 40% of the total primary energy of the country comes from renewable energy, mainly biomass. Biogas is one of the promising renewable energy sources in Bangladesh. The country has a promising poultry industry to meet up the protein need of the people. There were about 130 thousand poultry farms in the country in 2005-2006. The number of birds in poultry farms was about 194.82 million in 2005-2006. These poultry farms have a huge potential to produce biogas which can later be used to generate electricity. At the same time the poultry farms in the country are facing enormous power shortage every day which hampers the production of the industry.  Dissemination of the technology could meet the poultry sector’s electricity demand as well as the need of adjacent households. This can reduce the burden on national electricity grid and contribute to the national economy as well.

 

Methods: To find out the economic potential of electricity generation from poultry waste, two different scenarios and four different cases were considered. These scenarios are based on the time duration for which the poultry farms can produce the electricity for its own consumption as well as to sell the excess electricity to adjacent neighbors through the mini grid. The cases were based on the product through which revenue can be generated.  These different products are electricity, CO2, and fertilizer. On the basis of different assumptions NPV, IRR and Payback Period were calculated for poultry farms ranging from 500 birds to 50000 birds. The calculation was done to find out the minimum sizes of poultry farms which could produce electricity with financial viability.

 

Results: The poultry farms ranging from 500 birds to 50000 birds are not financially feasible to produce electricity in the case when only electricity is considered as a product to earn revenue. In addition of CO2 cost with electricity cost makes the farms financially viable with a capacity of 6000 birds and above if electricity is produced for twelve hours a day. In addition of fertilizer cost in stead of CO2 cost with electricity cost, makes the farms financially viable with the capacity of 1000 birds and above. Finally, the addition of CO2 cost with fertilizer and electricity cost also makes viable the farms with the capacity ranging from 1000 birds and above. However, the farm with capacity of 500 birds or less are not financially viable even if considering CO2, fertilizer and electricity all together as product to earn revenue.

There is no economic potential in the country to produce electricity from poultry waste in the case when only electricity is considered as a product to earn revenue. The maximum estimated potential to produce electricity in the country is 360 GWh/year provided fertilizer cost is added with electricity cost irrespective of numbers of hours of electricity generation.

 

Conclusion: In conclusion it can be said that there is a potential to produce electricity from poultry waste. However, only electricity as a product to earn revenue in not enough to make the poultry farms financially viable to produce electricity. Fertilizer is the most vital element as a product to earn revenue with electricity to make poultry farms financially feasible to produce electricity.

 

THE INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF HEAT EXCHANGERS

Prof. Dr. Md. Sakhawat Hussain ( Or M. S. Hussain)

11/C Fullar Road, Dhaka Unive5sity, Dhaka-1000, BANGLADESH

  

Abstract:

In this paper studies have been wade to determine the solutions of partial  differential equations for flat-plate, cirwlar plate and cylindrical heat exchangers as shown by Cobble. Exit temperatures of the heat exchangers are determined and derivation are model by integrating the time –independent partial  differential equitation.    

 

 

Study the Climate Change over Bangladesh

I. A. Keka1, M.M. Rahman2 and I. Matin3

1,2Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.

3Department of Civil Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology,

E-mail:ishrat_keka@yahoo.com; mrphy.ru@gmail.com;imatinbd@yahoo.com

  

Abstract: An attempt to study the climate change of Bangladesh by using the surface climatological data such as Temperature, Rainfall and Pressure of 25stations for the period of 1971-2004. Analysis shows that the temperature rises all over the Bangladesh. The annual maximum temperature shows positive trends of +0.023 0C/year at Barisal and the other stations also shows positive trends except Mymenshingh and Sandwip. The annual minimum temperature shows positive trends at all stations of the study area except Hatiya, where trend value is -0.02 0C/year. The mean monthly maximum temperature shows its peak value in the months of April-May and the mean monthly minimum temperature has its lowest value in the months of December-February.

 

The co-efficient of variation of annual Rainfall range from (15-30)% over Bangladesh. The southeastern part of the country has the higher rainfall variability during post monsoon season. In the central part of the country, lower variability of rainfall occurs during winter season. The intensity of rainfall decreases from southeastern part towards the northwestern part of the country. Departure from normal annual rainfall (%) is maximum in southeastern part of Bangladesh. The northeastern zone of Bangladesh experienced drought condition in 1983, 1988 and 2004. In the northwestern zone of Bangladesh experienced drought condition in 1973, 1984 and 1987. Whereas, the southeastern and southwestern zone of Bangladesh experienced drought conditions in the year 1974 and 1973 respectively.

 

The variation of annual mean pressure anomaly increasing at stations Bhola, Bogra, Chandpur, Chittagong, Comilla, Dhaka, Feni, Ishurdi, jessore, Madaripur and Rajshahi and decreasing at Barisal, Cox’s Bazar, Mymensingh, Patuakhali, Rangpur and Teknaf. Also the stations Dinajpur, Faridpur, Hatiya, Khulna and Sylhet indicates that no change of pressure anomaly with respect to different year.

  

A solar-aware wireless sensor network based on low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy

 Ajmery Sultana and  Shahida Rafique 

Applied physics, Electronics and communication engineering                                

University of dhaka

 

Abstract 

A routing protocol algorithm, "Solar-aware LEACH" has been designed and implemented for wireless sensor network. The protocol is based on low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy and the module is solar powered. To design the model a “100-node” wireless sensor network has been considered where sensor nodes are randomly distributed. The topology of this model has been specified using omnet++, a discrete event simulator. In building the simulation model the parameters that have considered are no. of nodes, transmission range, 2-D area, solar round, solar frame, sun-duration, sun-node etc. These parameters have been assigned to the model and outputs have been obtained. Solar powered sun-node, sun-duration etc, have been verified and validated through experimentation. It has been found that for longer sun-duration the energy dissipation per node with respect to time decreases and the number of rounds (until the first node dies) increases with increased sun-nodes. Eventually the network lifetime increases. So it is realized that “solar-aware LEACH” significantly extends the lifetime of wireless sensor network. Thus it is suggested that an energy efficient wireless sensor network can be designed using “solar-aware LEACH” routing protocol, that indicates the probable use of solar energy in communication engineering.

 

Role of Green Plants in Climate Change Mitigation 

A.K.M. Nazrul-Islam, A. Emdadul Hoque and Ahmed Sayeed Nazrul*

Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany

University of Dhaka

  ABSTRACT 

There is no issue at present more challenging or more difficult to solve than the global worming caused by the greenhouse gases, unless it is explosive, exponential growth of the world’s human population. The world has been warming over one hundred years and may worm in the future at a rate unprecedented in human existence, as a direct result of industry, forest destruction and agriculture. These activities result in the accumulation of greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, ozone and others. The mitigating measures are difficult scientifically, politically, economically. Hemispheric and global average means air temperatures for land plus marine regions, 1854 – 1990. The regions of the earth’s atmosphere with vertical distribution of temperature and ozone are discussed. Cutting and burning forests, burning or plowing grasslands, blackening snow with dust, diverting the flow of rivers, impounding water with dams, building concrete cities and highways and extensive agriculture all these are modifications of the Earth’s surface and in turn affect the weather and climate.

 The green plants, vegetation and their role were brought to a shaper focus for mitigation measures of climate change. The proper plantation of various kinds of plants in different habitats was highly considered for mitigation measures of the present situation.

 

PERFORMANCE OF A SOLAR CELL 

Prof. Dr. Md. Sakhawat Hussain ( Or M. S. Hussain)

11/C Fullar Road, Dhaka Unive5sity, Dhaka-1000, BANGLADESH

The equivalent circuit of a Solar cell is drawn. Wnideriuy three toops and kirchhovos lows voltage and current analysis is made in this paper. First wnideriuy  a.c source and different cases of a.c source analyses are wade slowdown of solar cell current IG, dY/dI ( differential of its voltage with recoup   to current I ), amplitude of current I9 of I, the solar cell current and amplitude Ide of branch current IG are determined soling the equations for three wops inmoidal currents and voltages and d.c. currents voltages.

______________________

*Department of CSE, University of Dhaka  

Modeling a Drip Irrigation system powered by renewable energy source

H RGhosh, N C Bhowmik, J Rahman and M Hussain

Renewable Energy Research Centre, University of Dhaka 

 Abstract:

Watering vegetable fields is generally done in the morning and the afternoon in little amount in comparison with that of the corn fields. A study on a model of drip irrigation system has been carried out in this research work. The available solar radiation of 2.3 kWh/m2 in the morning (7-11am) and in the evening (2-5pm) at Dhaka shows that a 50 Wp module is good enough to pump 3000L water from 3 meters depth. Like other solar pumping systems this system will manage the electrical section, but the automatic evenly water distribution will be done with a mechanical water sprinter.

 

Mitigating grid energy ralated GHG emissions through solar energy

H R Ghosh, N C Bhowmik and J Rahman*

Renewable Energy Research Centre

*Dept. of Applied Physics, Electronics and Communication Engineering

University of Dhaka

 

 

Abstract:

An inventory of greenhouse gas emissions from grid connected electricity industries has been conducted following the guidelines set by the World Meteorological Organization and United Nations Environment Programme International Panel on Climate Change. The inventory indicates that the fossil fuels combination (4% Hydro, 7% Oil and 89% Natural gas) of the national grid of Bangladesh emits 0.452 ton CO2/MWh and the 20062MKWh grid’s energy consumption produces 9 million tons CO2. To reduce emissions from electricity generation, one renewable energy option- solar energy resource has been assessed. The assessment shows that the solar energy resource of 4-4.5kWh/m2/day can be effectively used in power production from grid connected or off grid power stations over the year and have a good potential in mitigation of GHG emission.

 

Applicability of ITO for achieving highly efficient solar cell

Dilshad Mahjabeen,Zahid Hasan Mahmood,Shahida Rafique

 

Abstract: Typical thin film device uses a thin layer of a transparent oxide –TCO such as tin oxide because these oxides are highly transparent and have a good electrical conductive. By adding, a separate antireflection coating may enhance the conductivity in case of semitransparent conducting device. The power output of a solar cell is considerably affected by transmittance, reflectance and even by a slight increase in resistance. Developing a high quality transparent back contact, while maintaining efficient light transmission through the top absorber layer, are the key components for achieving high efficiency solar cells. Recent studies show that transparent indium tin oxide-ITO is an excellent candidate to use as TCO for highly efficient solar cell.  ITO thin film with thickness of almost 0.6µm is developed by thermal evaporation, which is appropriate to provide antireflection coating properly. The optical properties like transmittance, absorptence, reflectance spectra and refractive index of ITO thin film are obtained. In ITO approximately 90% of optical transmission is available which is better than any other TCO (like FTO: 80%, IZO-85%, CeO2 70%). Since the coating has a refractive index of around 1.65 approximately and provides good adhesion with Si, it can be additionally used as antireflection coating by suitably selecting the thickness.  As a consequence, theoretical calculation has been done with ITO nano structure. It has been realized that ITO nano layer (thickness of 0.65µm) can improve the efficiency of solar cell 4-5%. Further work is in progress. It is suggested that antireflection coating with indium tin oxide- ITO is the provable candidate for design and development of an efficient solar cell.

 

Earth Air Tunnel and Cavity Wall as Passive Cooling For Energy Conservation in a Garment Factory of Bangladesh

Saiful Huque1, Sajedul Hossain Sarker2 and Shahadat Musharraf Khan3

1,2Renewable Energy Research Center, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000,

            3Section-7 Ltd. Chittagong Export Processing Zone,Halishahar, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Email-saifulhq@citechco.net,qrtzcom@bdcom.com

 Abstract

Introduction:

Any building or factory with a large number of occupants in the hot and humid regions can reach high level of thermal stress. Adoption of passive cooling as an alternative to artificial cooling can bring important energy, environmental, financial, operational and qualitative benefits. However, without active cooling passive cooling alone cannot provide the appropriate thermal comfort standard. An addition of active cooling system using air conditioning and refrigeration generate multiple impacts on stratospheric ozone layer, which is primarily linked to release of ozone depleting refrigerants. Release of refrigerants and emission of green house gases (GHGs) make combined contribution to global warming. Very little work has been reported in the thermal performance of building that operates on a mixed cooling system in warm-humid climates.  Buildings with such design features are able to balance the need for comfort, eco friendliness and energy efficiency through the year. The economic advantage in terms of energy savings and reduction of GHGs were computed.

Methods:

A dual cooling system was designed and installed in a four-storied garment factory. The cooling system was designed with construction of one hundred Earth Air Tunnel (EAT) under the ground floor in addition to an active cooling system using air cooler. The building geometry was modified to reduce the cooling load by constructing of cavity walls along the sun path facing the building. Programmed active cooling and air circulation mechanism were added to the building to achieve the comfort standard, energy conservation and cost cuts. Supply of fresh air was part of the method too. The thermal performance study of the building system shows that in spite of outside temperature and solar gain during day light hours room temperature remains almost constant throughout. The daylong-operation by the designed system showed that the room temperature range varied from 28°- 29°C while the outside temperature was recorded as 32°-33°C. The room temperature and air circulation is optimized for each floor by changing the air velocity and air volume. The suitability of closed room and open room operation were studied for both summer and winter variables. An objective of lowering energy demand and moderating running cost was also made the targeted goal.

Results:

It was found that the factory saves on an average 500 Mega Watt. hour equivalent of electrical energy and 270 ton of Carbon Emission per year. The temperature and humidity level achieved for indoor comfort were 28-29°C and 65% respectively. The difference of productivity due to indoor comfort level with and without active cooling system was found to be significant.

Conclusion:

The energy crisis situation in the developing country like ours is gradually reaching to an alarming level. Demand for energy is increasing along with the pace of development. Which can also be attributed to a fast growing population. Rapid increase of energy cost has also necessitated the adoption of various mechanisms for an effective and significant saving of conventional energy.

Therefore, the inclusion of active and passive cooling system for a garments factory served both as an energy cost as well as and carbon emission reduction mechanism. A cool comfortable and dust free environment inside the production floors were achieved.

  

ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION FROM RICE HUSK

 

Khursheed-Ul-Islam and *Shahidul I. Khan

German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), Dhaka,

*Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, BUET, Dhaka

 

 

 

*Corresponding Author

Mob: (01819) 245 110

 

 

 

ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION FROM RICE HUSK

 

Khursheed-Ul-Islam and *Shahidul I. Khan

German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), Dhaka,

*Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, BUET, Dhaka

 

Abstract: This paper deals with the technical and economical feasibility of electric power generation from rice husk in Bangladesh. Such husk based power plants can be set up either as stand-alone or as grid connected power plants and could ideally be located in rice mill ‘cluster areas’ of the country.  These power plants could be in the range of 200-250 kW or of 1-6 MW range. Analysis of material and energy balance related to production, basic design, various technology options and related financial options are also presented in this study.

 

  

*Corresponding Author

Email: shahidul@eee.buet.ac.bd, dirces@buet.ac.bd

 

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  Last Updated:  30 June, 2009