The Potential of Electricity Generation from Poultry Waste in Bangladesh. : www.reein.org

National Exhibition and Seminar (Title : Climate Change Mitigation : Role of Renewables) on Renewable Energy . Dhaka, Bangladesh, 24-25 March, 2008

The Potential of Electricity Generation from Poultry Waste in Bangladesh.

Presented by:

Sheikh Ashraf Uz Zaman

M. A. Rashid Sarkar

Date: 24th March, 2008

Structure

Introduction
Methodology
Energy consumption status in poultry farms
Existing technology used in the country
Potential of electricity generation from poultry waste
Conclusion and Recommendation

Background of the Study

n Per capita energy consumption: 197 kgoe1

n 33% of the population is covered by electricity network2

n 4% of the population is covered by Natural Gas2

Installation capacity of electricity generation by type of fuel³

n The country can sustain up to 2020 with existing natural gas reserve4

Source: http://www.acdis.uiuc.edu/Research/OPs/Samrina/contents/part1.html, printed on 18.08.2007, 2Hossain and Tamim, 2005/2006, 3http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/installed_fuel.htm, printed on 20.08.2007,, 4BBS, 2007

Number Poultry Farms in Bangladesh in Different Periods

^{Growth: 7% per year since 2001-02}

^{Source: Own plotting based on data provided by Mr. A. S. Md. Abdul
Hannan, Scientific Officer, Department of Livestock Services
(DLS), Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh, 17.05.2007}

^{Number of Poultry Birds in Bangladesh in Different Periods}

^{n

Growth: 5.59% per year since 2001-02}

^{n

19482 tons of dropping/day and 753
thousand
m3 biogas/day}

^{Source: Own plotting based on data provided by Mr. A. S. Md. Abdul
Hannan, Scientific Officer, Department of Livestock Services
(DLS), Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh, 17.05.2007}

^Objective

^{¨

To identify the economic potential of electricity
generation from poultry waste in commercial poultry sector
in Bangladesh}

^{2. Methodology}

^{Methodology Scheme}

^{Development of Different Scenarios and Cases}

^{Different scenarios}

^{n

Scenario I (produce electricity for five hours a
day during country peak)}

^{n

Scenario II (produce electricity for twelve hours
a day for the whole consumption of the farm)}

^{Different Cases}

^{n

Case 1: Only electricity was considered as a
product to earn revenue.}

^{n

Case 2: Electricity and CO2 were
considered as product for revenue.}

^{n

Case 3: Electricity and fertilizer were
considered as product for revenue.}

^{n

Case 4: Electricity, CO2 and fertilizer
were considered as revenue earning product.}

^{Energy Consumption Status in Poultry Farms}

^{3. Energy Consumption Status in Poultry Farms}

^{Electrical Energy Use}

^{n

Major appliances used:}

^{¨

Lamp}

^{¨

Fan}

^{¨

Pump}

^{¨

Brooder}

^{The Daily Electricity Consumption Pattern for 5000 Birds’
Farm}

^Summer

^Winter

^{Percentage Duration of Load Shedding}

^{4. Existing Technology Used in the Country}

^{Flow Diagram of Producing Electricity from Poultry Waste
(Conventional System)}

^{4. Existing Technology Used in the Country}

^{Chromatographic Test Results of Dry Biogas Produced from
Poultry Litter1}

^{Sl. no.}	^{Specification}	^Result
¹	^Methane	^58.72%
²	^{Carbon Dioxide}	^38.25%
³	^{Hydrogen Sulfide}	^{0.35% or 3500 ppm}
⁴	^Nitrogen	^2.68%

^{Hydrogen Sulfide content in pipeline quality gas: 4 ppm2}

^{Source: 1BCAS, 2005, 2Kumar, 1987}

^{Flow diagram of GTZ Flagship Project at Raj Poultry Farm}

^{Source: Author based on field visit and interview with Dr.
Khursheed-Ul-Islam GTZ, Dhaka on 17.06.2007}

^{5. Potential of Electricity Generation from Poultry Waste}

^{Financial Parameters}

^{Cost of fertilizer}	^{0.8 BDT/ kg}
^{CO2 emission for natural gas power plant}	^{0.57 ton/ MWh}
^{Cost of CO2}	^{$ 10/ t CO2 or} ^{685 BDT/ t CO2}
^{Cost of electricity (Domestic) + 5% VAT}	^{2.70 BDT/ kWh}
^{Cost of electricity (Commercial) + 5% VAT – 20% Rebate}	^{4.29 BDT/ kWh}
^{Life of biogas plant}	^{20 years}
^{Life of generator}	^{5 years}
^{Discount rate}	^8%
^Tax	^0%
^Inflation	^5.28%
^Depreciation	^{20 years}

^{5. Potential of Electricity Generation from Poultry Waste}

^{Source: Author}

^{IRR of Different Size of Farms with Different Product for Revenue
under Scenario II}

^{Source: Author}

^{Summary of Estimated Potential of Electricity Generation,
Fertilizer Production and CO2 Savings under Scenario I}

^{Potential of Scenario I}		^{Electricity (GWh/year)}	^{Fertilizer (000’ ton/year)}	^{CO2 (000' ton)/year}
^{Case 1}	^Bangladesh	⁰	⁰	⁰
^{Case 2}	^Bangladesh	⁰	⁰	⁰
^{Case 3}	^Bangladesh	³⁶⁰	¹⁷¹⁵	²⁰⁵
^{Case 4}	^Bangladesh	³⁶⁰	¹⁷¹⁵	²⁰⁵

^{Source: Author}

^{Summary of Estimated Potential of Electricity Generation,
Fertilizer Production and CO2 Savings under Scenario II}

^{Potential of Scenario II}		^{Electricity (GWh/year)}	^{Fertilizer (000’ ton/year)}	^{CO2 (000' ton)/year}
^{Case 1}	^Bangladesh	⁰	⁰	⁰
^{Case 2}	^Bangladesh	¹³⁵	⁶⁴⁰	⁷⁷
^{Case 3}	^Bangladesh	³⁶⁰	¹⁷¹⁵	²⁰⁵
^{Case 4}	^Bangladesh	³⁶⁰	¹⁷¹⁵	²⁰⁵

^{Equivalent to 43 MW Base Load and 200 MW Peak Load Power Station}

^{6. Conclusions and Recommendations}

^Conclusions

^{n

There is a potential to produce electricity from
poultry waste and there is high interest from farmers to
produce the electricity.}

^{n

Electricity can be produced}

^{¨

for the total daily consumption of the poultry
farms}

^{¨

for the peak hour only to save farms from being
cut off.}

^{n

Energy efficient lamps can be used in every
poultry farm}

^{n

Producing electricity is more significant than
using biogas for thermal purpose}

^{n

The technology used in the industry to produce
electricity is not proven yet.}

^{n

At present there is no commercial value or market
of slurry as fertilizer in general.}

^{n

CO2 can not make too much difference. Fertilizer
makes the difference.}

^{Recommendations}

^{q

Amendment of existing law is required}

^{q

Awareness development program is required to
create the market.}

^{q

Awareness development program is required for the
use of energy efficient appliances.}

^{q

The supply of spare parts for the engine and
other accessories has to be ensured.}

^{7. References}

ⁿ^BB,^{2005-2006: Annual Report 2005-2006. Bangladesh Bank

http://www.bangladesh-bank.org printed on 20.08.2007}

ⁿ^BBS,^{2007: 2005 Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh. Bangladesh
Bureau of Statistics, Dhaka}

ⁿ^BCAS,^{2005: Report on Feasibility Study on Biogas from
Poultry Droppings. Bangladesh Centre for Advance Studies.}

ⁿ^Boyd,^{Britta, 2006: Foundation Course in Business Studies. SESAM,
University of Flensburg, Germany}

ⁿ^BPDB,^{2004-2005: Annual Report 2004-2005. Bangladesh Power
Development Board}

ⁿ^Ghoshal,^{A. K., 2005: Poultry biggyan (Poultry Science). Adittya
Prokashaloy, Kolkata, 272 pp. (Translated by Author)}

ⁿ^Gofran^{M. A., 2004: The Biogas Technology. Ashraf Jazan Begum,
Dhaka, 127 pp. (Translated by Author)}

ⁿ^{Grameen Shakti,}^{2006: Biogas Projukthi Nirdeshika. Grameen Shakti, Grameen
Bank Bhavan, Mirour-2, Dhaka. (Translated by Author)}

ⁿ^Hossain,^{Ijaz and M. Tamim, 2005/2006: Energy and Sustainable
Development in Bangladesh. In: Sustainable Energy Watch
2005/2006, HELIO International

http://www.helio-international.org/reports/pdfs/Bngldesh-EN.pdf
printed on 20.08.2007}

ⁿ^Kapoor,^{K. and Philippe Ambrosi,. 2007: State and Trends of The
Carbon Market 2007. Washington D. C.

http://etseq.law.harvard.edu/images/uploads/StateCarbon.pdf
p. 4, printed on 06.07.2007}

ⁿ^Latif,^{Md. Abdul, 1981: Primary Poultry Science. Bangla Academy,
Dhaka, 130 pp.(Translated by Author)}

ⁿ^Rehling,^{Uwe, 2006: Small Biogas Plants. SESAM, University of
Flensburg, Germany.}

^{Internet Sources}

^{n

http://www.acdis.uiuc.edu/Research/OPs/Samrina/contents/part1.html,
printed on 18.08.2007}

^{n

http://www.bangladesh-bank.org/econdata/exchangerate.php
printed on 06.07.2007}

^{n

http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/installed_fuel.htm printed on
20.08.2007}

^{n

http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/banglade.pdf
printed on 10.06.2007}