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Bangladesh Road Map for Energy Efficiency Improvements and Demand Side Management

 

 

September 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Preface

This study was jointly financed by Power Sector Development Technical Assistance project of the World Bank and GTZ, Dhaka. The principal objective of the work was to present to the Government of Bangladesh a document that provides a menu of opportunities for energy efficiency and demand side management in the energy sector. Dr. Ijaz Hossain of the Chemical Engineering Department of BUET was the team leader, while Dr. Saiful Huque of the Renewable Energy Research Centre, University of Dhaka and Dr. Mahbubur Rahman of the Petroleum and Mineral Resources Engineering Department of BUET were members of the Study Team. The Study Team was assisted by Dr. Grayson Heffner, an international consultant. Staff from the World Bank (Arun Banerjee, M. Iqbal, Zubair Sadeque, and Ashok Sarkar) and GTZ (Otto Gomm and Dr. Khurseedul Islam) provided guidance and comments in the preparation of this report.

Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................  9

2.0 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................  9

3.0 OBJECTIVE .............................................................................................  12

4.0 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................  12

5.0  DESCRIPTION OF ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION ....   13

5.1  Energy and Power Overview................................................................... 13

5.2  Industrial Gas and Captive Power Sector................................................. 16

5.3  Household Gas Sector............................................................................... 16

5.4  Transport Sector (CNG) ........................................................................... 16

6.0   ENERGY EFFICIENCY POTENTIAL ..........................................................  17

6.1 Electricity and Gas Demand Side Management through
             increased use of Renewable Energy Resources................................... 17

6.2  Demand and Supply Side Energy Efficiency: Electricity Sector............... 17

6.3   Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement............................................... 19

7.0   APPLICATION OF CARBON FINANCE THROUGH CDM  INTO ENERGY EFFICIENCY OPPORTUNITIES .....21

 

8.0        ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY OPTIONS ...  22

9.0        LIST OF TEMPLATES ............................................................................  23

9.0        SUMMARY OF ENERGY SAVINGS .....................................................  62

10.0      BARRIERS ...............................................................................................  64

11.0      INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS .......................................................  67

12.0      FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS ...........................................................  69

13.0      RECOMMENDATION FOR POLICY MAKERS ...................................  72

14.0      ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................  77

15.0      REFERENCES .........................................................................................  79

 

1.0 Introduction

The objective of this report is to propose a roadmap for the Government of Bangladesh that identifies an overall framework together with a pipeline of cost-effective and replicable projects that would support accelerated energy efficiency investments in Bangladesh. The work presented here was undertaken by a team of national and international experts and jointly overseen by World Bank and GTZ. The overall framework and specific project descriptions contained in this report (see Project Templates) are expected to lead to feasibility studies and detailed project proposals which could then be financed by the private sector or multilateral and bilateral donors. By providing preliminary data and information on (a) estimated costs, (b) potential financing options and (c) replicability for 19 energy efficiency related projects, the report proposes an action plan for implementation that can be pursued in the short- and medium-term.

In the past several energy efficiency related activities had been initiated by the Government. Most significant is the creation of the Energy Audit Cell in the early eighties. The Audit Cell did some very good pioneering work in the area of energy efficiency through their audits of selected energy intensive industries. But due to lack of patronage and commitment nothing much was achieved in concrete terms. The principal reason behind the failure of all past energy efficiency efforts has been the low gas and electricity prices. The situation has been aggravated by high system losses, which is nothing but theft of gas and electricity. These two facts have worked as great disincentives to energy efficiency improvement in Bangladesh.

The need to rationalize energy prices by setting it close to its true economic cost has been suggested in many reports. This study has also looked into the pricing issue, and wherever relevant has highlighted the need to increase the price of a particular fuel to allow energy efficient measures to be undertaken.

 

2.0 Background

Bangladesh is facing a dual energy crisis with the same root cause. The most apparent crisis is a power shortage evidenced by frequent load shedding in both urban and rural areas. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, even though the installed capacity reached 5000 MW in 2004, the available capacity was only 3800 MW. The present generation shortfall exceeds 1000 MW during peak hours. The more potentially severe crisis will emerge in the medium term - a gas production shortfall and the need to begin importing gas or products (e.g., fertilizer) produced with gas as a feedstock. As can be seen from the Figures 3 and 4, there has been a growing reliance on natural gas for many important end uses, including for power generation. This growth cannot be sustained without significant new domestic production or access to imported gas.

Both these crises have the same root cause - very rapid growth in energy demand and insufficient public or private sector investment in new production capacities in both gas and power sectors. Although the power shortage has partial remedies for certain consumers - e.g., captive power plants installed by the industry - these remedies tend only to exacerbate the larger problem of insufficient gas production relative to gas demand growth. The other key factor contributing to the increasing demand-supply gap is inefficiencies across the generation, transmission/distribution, and end-use (demand) components of the electricity and gas sectors. Both energy efficiency and renewable energy offer partial solutions to the problems of global climate change and pressing energy needs for development.

Please download full Report :

  Bangladesh Road Map for Energy Efficiency Improvements and Demand Side Management   ( 1.57 kb - September 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh )

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Energy is Essential for Achieving Millennium Development Goal

Some thoughts and views on the National Energy Policy

Presentation - UNDP in Bangladesh - Home Page

Project Fact Sheet Improving Kiln Efficiency in Brick Making ...

ENERGY AND. CLIMATE. CHANGE.

Bulletin 29

Bulletin 28

Bulletin 27

Bulletin 26

Bulletin 25 (27 Sep 07)

Bulletin 24 (20 Sep 2007)

Bulletin 23 (13 Sep 2007)

Previous bulletins (Issue# 1-22)

Bulletin

Biofuel and Food Security

Weekly Development Focus_6.pub

Climate change threatens unprecedented human development reversals

Millennium Development Goals: Bangladesh Progress at a Glance

Climate-change-science-policy

Poverty-Environment Nexus in search of an alternative scenario

Sustainable energy, and management of ecologically critical

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INITIATIVES IN BANGLADESH

UNDP Private Sector Strategy Promoting Inclusive Market Development

Biofuel vs.Food Crisis  

Poverty and Hunger (MDG 1)

Environment (MDG 7)

DMC Newsletter 3

UNDP Inner=04 Final Output File (Convert)

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)Mid-Term Bangladesh Progress ...

Capacity Development: Empowering People and Institutions 2008

Energy and power crisis: demand vs supply. 

Draft Policy Dialogue Series Title of the presentation ...

Policy Dialogue Series | Policy Dialogue Series |Policy Dialogue Series |

Policy Dialogue Series No 19 

THE STATE OF GOVERNANCE IN BANGLADESH, 2006: Knowledge ...

Sea Level Rise

Nayakrishi Experience: Addressing Food Crisis through Biodiversity ...

Local Governance 

CLIMATE CHANGE CELL 

Role of Bangladesh Civil Service in the achievement of Millennium ...

The probable impacts of climate change on poverty - UNDP in ... 

Financing Growth and Poverty Reduction: Policy Challenges and Options in Bangladesh 

Strategic Programme Framework 2006-2010 Disaster Management Cluster

Social and Economic Consequences of Arsenic Poisoning in Drinking Water in Bangladesh 

The probable impacts of climate change on poverty and economic growth and the options of coping with adverse effect of climate change in Bangladesh  

Final Baseline Survey Report March 2009

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Mid-Term Bangladesh Progress Report 2007  

A Situation Analysis Report on Environment (MDG 7)

Strategic Programme Framework 2006-2010 Disaster Management Cluster

 Energy is Essential for Achieving Millennium Development Goal

 

 

Improving Kiln Efficiency in the Brick Making Industry

Institutional Strengthening for the Phase-out of Ozone Depleting Substances (Phase-IV)

Presentation :

 

 

 

BARRIERS CREATING CRISIS IN BANGLADESH POWER SECTOR AND PROBABLE QUICK SOLUTION( Important document )

 

An Overview of Renewable Energy Sources (Shahidul I. Khan,Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, and Director, Centre for Energy Studies, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka )

 

Study on the Present Power Supply Situation and its Impacts on the Readymade Garment Sector in Bangladesh ( Important document )

 

EXPANDING RENEWABLE ENERGY IN BANGLADESH  



Energy Alternatives for Bangladesh ( Experts opinion)

 

Health Effects of Biomass Fuel Combustion on Women and Children in Rural Bangladesh: Findings and Current Work

Developing Community Driven Participatory Pilots for Indoor Air Pollution Mitigation

Miniaturized Solar Home  System for lighting purpose with Light Emitting Diodes

Role of IPCC in Addressing Climate Change

DEVELOPMENT OF A POLLUTION FREE SOLAR DRIER FOR TOMATO

A solar-aware wireless sensor network based on low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy

Self-similar nature of solar radiation: Modeling and estimation

Role of Private Enterprises in   Commercializing RET

Achievement of IDCOL in Promoting RET in Bangladesh

The Potential of Electricity Generation from Poultry Waste in Bangladesh.

Electric Power Generation  From Rice Husk

USE OF EARTH AIR TUNNEL AND CAVITY WALL AS PASSIVE COOLING IN A GARMENT FACTORY OF BANGLADESH FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION

Daily global radiation tilt factor for Dhaka

CMES experience of the rural home electrification through Solar PV within a micro credit arrangement

Indoor Air Pollution (IAP)  with photos

Introducing Grameen Shakti’s Biogas Program( Different steps of biogas plant with photos)

Biogas Programs in Bangladesh: A Solution To Growing Fuel Crisis in Rural Households

Battery maintenance & trouble shooting - by Rahimafrooz Batteries Ltd.

BIOMASS AND ENERGY POTENTIALS OF SELECTED AGRICULTURAL CROPS

H2 : The Long-Term Candidate for Energy Production and Storage from Renewable Sources 

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Overview of the Renewable Energy Sector in Bangladesh

RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES AND TECHNOLOGIES: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

BIO-ENERGY - by RERC, Dhaka University, Bangladesh

Biomass and Bioenergy:  Developments and Potentials - by B. K. Bala, Department of Farm Power & Machinery Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh -2202, Bangladesh

Alternative energy sources in Bangladesh - Renewable Energy


Energy Strategy for Bangladesh: A Brief Survey with Recommendations


Shidhulai Swanirvar Sangstha, Bangladesh Abdul Hasanat Mohammed Rezwan

 

A Review on Renewable Power Sources: Prospects of Bangladesh and


Bangladesh: Renewable Energy in Rural


PROSPECTS OF ELECTRICITY FROM TIDAL POWER IN COASTAL REGIONS OF ...

 

PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS IN USING PHOTOVOLTAICS FOR RURAL ...

 

 

 

Energy Efficiency   : Bangladesh Perspective

 

1. Sustainable Energy for Development  - A Project Supported by GTZ( Working Paper ), Productivity Improvement in Industry through Energy Efficiency Programs,  Prepared by: Centre for Energy Studies (CES), BUET, Dhaka, May 20061.

2. Cogeneration and Energy Savings , M. A. Rashid Sarkar , Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,  Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka

3. Energy Saving Through HVAC System Improvement,  Md. Zahurul Haq, Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka

4. Energy Saving through Improved Boiler and Pipeline Schemes, Md. Ehsan, Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka

5. Energy Efficient Lighting ,  Shahidul I. Khan , Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Director, Centre for Energy Studies, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka

6.   Project Implementation Report  On Consultancy Services to PSL for “Solar Powered Classroom” and “SSHSs for School Going Children.

7. Fundamentals of Electric Motors and Transformers

8. Energy Saving with Electronic Ballasts in Readymade Garments (RMG) Factories

9. Energy Efficient Machines

10.  Energy Auditing and Energy Management

11.  Experiences in Installation and Operation of Energy Efficient Rice Parboiling Systems

12. Financial Analysis of Energy Savings

Presentations

Viewing-0-10 - of 18
 
  WORLD RENEWABLE ENERGY SUMMIT(WRES)
 
 
  Presentation on Experiences with Small Solar Home Systems
- the Way Forward - organized by German Technical Cooperation (GTZ)
Tuesday, 12 June 2007
at BRAC Centre Inn, 75, Mohakhali,
Dhaka
 
 
  GTZ WORKSHOP on IMPACTS OF SMALL SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS (SSHS)
- FINDINGS FROM THE FIELD
 
 
  Solar PV and its application in Bangladesh
 
 
 
  Appropriate Renewable Energy Technology Options for Bangladesh
(WREN Int. Conf. on Renewable Energy for Sustainable Development in the Asia Pacific Region,
4-8 Feb 2007
Perth, Australia
 
 
  An overview of Small Solar Home System (SSHS) Pilot Project Experience of Rural Services Foundation
 
 
  Roof-top Grid-connected PV power system for RERC
 
 
  Renewable Energy - challenges and opportunities
The Global and Bangladesh scenario

7 June 2007

 
  Priorities in IAP reduction and linkages with TSC
10 September 2007

Sheraton-Dhaka
 

 
  Making sustainable technologies work with the poor
Dr Sam Wong / Mr Md Shamsuddoha
 

 

Publications

 

 

 

KEY WORLD ENERGY STATISTICS from the IEA       [ 1650 kb ]

 
 
Technical Specifications for Solar Home System (SHS)

MICRO-HYDRO POWER

 

KYOTO PROTOCOL STATUS OF RATIFICATION

Modeling the Exchanges of Energy, Water, and Carbon Between Continents and the Atmosphere

 
 
 
 

Non-conventional Energy Sources: Market Survey and Commercial Applications

 
 

Renewable Energy Prospects & Trends in Bangladesh

 

Renewable energy sources and technologies

The Renewable Energy Policy Manual

 

Indian energy sector: an overview

Review of energy and environment events

Organization of the energy sector

 

ESTIMATION OF THE ENERGY OUTPUT OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS

Environmental Briefing Nuclear Power

Definition of RE

 

KEY WORLD ENERGY STATISTICS 2003

 

Energy Efficiency Potentials in the Power Sector of Bangladesh

 

KEY WORLD ENERGY STATISTICS 2006

 

The global energy scenario

 

Assessment of carbon dioxide reduction potential and energy payback period of solar home systems in developing countries: Case of Bangladesh

 

International Energy Outlook 2007 May 2007

EVALUATION OF THE CURRENT AND FUTURE PRODUCTION COST OF ELECTRICITY AND THE EXTERNAL COSTS

 

The health effects of indoor air pollution exposure in developing countries

The health effects of indoor air pollution exposure in
developing countries
by
Nigel Bruce
Department of Public Health, University of Liverpool
Email: ngb@liv.ac.uk
Rogelio Perez-Padilla
National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tlalpan 4502, Mexico DF, Mexico
Email: perezpad@servidor.unam.mx
Rachel Albalak
Department of International Health, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University,
Atlanta
Email: ralbala@sph.emory.edu

 
 

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FOREST, BD

 

Addressing the Links between Indoor Air Pollution, Household Energy and Human Health

Addressing the Links
between Indoor Air Pollution,
Household Energy
and Human Health
Based on the WHO-USAID
Global Consultation
on the Health Impact of Indoor Air Pollution
and Household Energy in Developing Countries
(Meeting report)
Washington,DC
3-4 May 2000

 

Addressing the Impact of Household Energy and Indoor Air Pollution on the Health of the Poor:

Addressing the Impact of Household
Energy and Indoor
Air Pollution on the Health of the Poor:
Implications for Policy Action
and Intervention Measures
Paper Prepared for
the Commission
on Macroeconomics and Health
Y.von Schirnding,N.Bruce,
K.Smith,G.Ballard-Tremeer
M.Ezzati,K.Lvovsky

Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge

Bangladesh Country Environmental Analysis Volume II

Technical Annex:
Health Impacts of Air and Water Pollution in
Bangladesh

 

Who Suffers From Indoor Air Pollution? Evidence From Bangladesh

 

 

Power sector reform in Bangladesh: Electricity distribution system

M.S. Alama, E-mail The Corresponding Author, E. Kabirb, M.M. Rahmana and M.A.K. Chowdhurya

aInstitute of Energy Technology, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chittagong 4349, Bangladesh bBangladesh Computer Council, House 31/A, Road 9, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh

Received 19 March 2003. 
Available online 16 April 2004.

Abstract

There have been a number of reforms in the power sector in Bangladesh since her independence, but these reforms failed to bring desired improvements in the power sector. Among the three main components of the power system, recent reform activities were centered around generation and transmission. The most pressing problem in the power sector has been with the distribution system, which is characterized by heavy system loss and poor collection performance; however, the distribution system seldom got the priority in reform initiatives. Thus, it becomes very difficult to derive benefits from the reforms while leaving the distribution system untouched. This implies that priority in reform must be given to the distribution. To make it efficient and effective, its administration must be restructured. At the same time, its performance should be monitored continually on the basis of particular performance indicators. It is found that system loss in any power distribution system in Bangladesh should not exceed 10%, i.e. collection–import (CI) ratio should be kept above 90%. To maintain the system loss and the CI ratio at the recommended level, the malpractice by the utility personnel must be stopped fast. This will help to achieve economic sustainability.

Nomenclature

Article Outline

Nomenclature
1. Introduction
2. Brief review of power sector reform
3. Power flow in Bangladesh power system
4. A case study of system loss in distribution system
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Distribution loss
4.2.1. Technical loss
4.2.2. Non-technical loss
4.3. Findings
5. Performance of PDB, DESA and DESCO distribution system
6. Standardization of system loss
7. Impact of system loss on the national economy
8. Discussion
9. Conclusion and recommendation
References

 

 

Last Updated:  09 February, 2010