Books Published in Bangladesh :
Book
Title :
Solar
Photovoltaic Systems in Bangladesh : Experiences and
Opportunities
Edited by M. Eusuf. Dhaka, The University Press, 2005, xxii, 219 p., tables, figs., map, $36 ISBN 984-05-1732-5.
Contents: Preface. 1. Prospects of solar PV systems in Bangladesh/Saleemul Huq, A. Atiq Rahman and M. Eusuf. 2. Photovoltaic installations at Narsingdi: difficulties, advantages and disadvantages/Syed A.F.M. Sajedul Huq. 3. Solar electrification at cyclone shelters in Bangladesh: LGED's experience/Md. Tarik-Ul-Islam. 4. Studies on a Photovoltaic water pump/Md. Mosharraf Hossain Bhuiyan. 5. Solar submersible water pumping for small scale use in Bangladesh/M.A.R. Sarkar, Z. Mahmud, M. Obaidullah and A.M.A. Huq. 6. Solar Photovoltaic installations in Bangladesh power development board/Mir Raziuddin Haroon and Mazharul Islam. 7. Evaluation and monitoring of Narsingdi PV systems/M. Eusuf. 8. Application of PV technology for rural electrification and income generation: experience of Grameen Shakti/Dewan A.H. Alamgir. 9. Brac solar energy programs for sustainable development: Photovoltaic hybrid power/Sudip Kumar Saha. 10. CMES's experience in the dissemination of solar Photovoltaic energy in Bangladesh/Muhammad Ibrahim, Shykhulazzaman and S. Kamruzzaman. 11. Photovoltaic (PV) market potential in Bangladesh - constraints, future potential diversification/Khurshidul Islam. 12. Solar PV system - a private initiative: Bangladesh perspective/A.K.M. Mohiuddin and Niaz Rahim. 13. Commercialization of solar home systems: market assessment survey in Bangladesh/Hasna J. Khan, Asma J. Huque, Salma Khatun and M.A. Mannan. 14. Synergy power corporation hybrid remote area power systems/Eric T. Kalkhurst. 15. SELCO - a success story in solar energy/Winrock International. 16. SPV technology dissemination - a global review/Venkata Ramana P. 17. Solar Photovoltaic: commercialization attempts in rural India/Venkata Ramana P. 18. Renewable energy in Bangladesh and government policy/M. Nurul Islam. 19. Application of solar energy for mitigation of green house gases in Bangladesh/Ahsan Uddin Ahmed. 20. Some observations on dissemination of solar Photovoltaic energy in Bangladesh/M. Nurul Islam. 21. Conclusions and recommendations. 22. Recent development in solar PV and related issues in Bangladesh/M. Eusuf. List of participants of the workshop. Index.
"Photovoltaic technology has emerged as one of the methods of accessing energy for low level consumption. The systems use solar energy for generation of electricity. Since solar energy is available everywhere, this technology should serve as a great booster for rural electrification. There is not fuel cost or moving parts in this system, resulting in quiet functioning leading to durability and a soundless environment.
Since 1980, a number of organizations in Bangladesh have been involved in research, development and diffusion of PV systems, but penetration among the users has been very slow.
It is against this backdrop that, Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies (BCAS) and Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) brought together some leading national and international experts, policy planners and development agencies in Dhaka in May, 1999 to develop a strategy for accelerating the dissemination of solar PV systems.
This volume brings together the presentations, dialogues, open discussions and a consensus report on the recommendations. In a span of 22 chapters, this book records the present progress and proposes future steps to be taken for popularization of the use of solar energy in Bangladesh. It calls for coordination among the stakeholders in the promotion of technologies and the development of local entrepreneurship by establishing financing institutions such as a Renewable Energy Development Fund and an appropriate agency. The authors emphasize the need for a collective effort by NGOs, donor agencies and media support which would result in increased awareness and social mobilization in the dissemination of this environmentally friendly technology. The book concludes with a series of recommendations and follow-up steps for the sustainability of the solar PV system and the essential need for a power need matrix." (jacket)
Book Title : RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Proceedings of the International Conference of Renewable Energy for Rural Development , 19-21 January , 2002, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Editors: A.K.M. Sadrullslam
Mr. M Zakir Hossain
Lecturer, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering BUET, Dhaka
Published by:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology, Loughborough University, UK. Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K.
Global problems require global solutions; the challenges raised by current world carbon emissions and the associated greenhouse warming, demands an international response. Recent statements by the Inter-governmental Panel for Climate Change confirm that global warming in now measurable and that remedial responses are now urgently required. The developed world is responsible for the bulk of current carbon dioxide emission, whilst the developing countries will see the fastest economic growth in the future and, associated with this, a potentially disastrous increase in fossil fuel consumption. It is now acknowledged that only renewable energy sources can provide a truly sustainable energy supply system, although there are people who argue for carbon sequestration and others who want a return to the building of nuclear power stations. Neither of these latter two are really options for the less developed countries.
There are of course other compelling reasons for using renewable energy sources. They generate no air pollution at all, and so contribute to improved air quality, a factor of growing importance in the urban environment (in both developed and developing countries). They are naturally distributed and can make little or no demands on transmission and distribution infrastructure. This point is of particular relevance to countries, like Bangladesh, with a large rural population. In the rural context a small scale renewable energy generator is often the most cost effective way to provide electricity, which accounts the recent significant growth in solar home systems.
The technologies for electricity generation from wind and solar energy are now well advanced, indeed these are currently the fastest growing forms of electricity generation world wide. Whilst most wind power capacity is currently installed in Europe and the USA, most photovoltaic (PY) systems can be found in the developing countries. Some developing countries do have a significant wind potential, and to date China and India have made most progress with this technology. Biomass is now widely recognized as an attractive and viable energy source. This can involve the growing of dedicated energy crops, but perhaps of wider significance, is the extraction of energy from waste. This has the added advantage of providing an alternative to conventional waste disposal. Of course costs of all these technologies could be further reduced (particularly in the case of PY) and there are special challenges associated with applications in the poorer rural areas where perhaps the potential benefits to the local quality of life are greatest. Nevertheless renewable energy sources offer enormous immediate benefits to countries where the relevant resource exists, and could be deployed much faster than the current rate of rural electrification. Moreover, a number of studies suggest that for modest levels of domestic electricity supply (sufficient for a couple of lights and perhaps a television or similar appliance), PY solar home systems, small wind, micro-hydro or run of river turbines (perhaps in the form of community based projects), are considerably more cost effective than extension of the national electricity supply infrastructure. And of course the wider benefits of reduced fossil fuel consumption should not be forgotten.
This conference is the result of a collaboration between Loughborough University in the UK and B UET supported by the British Council through a Higher Education Link of Department of International Development Agency, UK. It will give ample opportunity for participants to share their knowledge and experience in the development and application of renewable energy technologies, and it is hoped that out of the discussions and interaction, suitable pathways towards rural development, will be identified. Attention will be given to practical impediments to the take up of this new technology and the related social and economic aspects which are so important, including the link with rural employment.
of the national electricity supply infrastructure. And of course the wider benefits of reduced fossil fuel consumption should not be forgotten.
This conference is the result of a collaboration between Loughborough University in the UK and B UET supported by the British Council through a Higher Education Link of Department of International Development Agency, UK. It will give ample opportunity for participants to share their knowledge and experience in the development and application of renewable energy technologies, and it is hoped that out of the discussions and interaction, suitable pathways towards rural development, will be identified. Attention will be given to practical impediments to the take up of this new technology and the related social and economic aspects which are so important, including the link with rural employment.
A.K.M. Sadrul Islam D.G. Infield
Editors
Book Title : Photovoltaic Technology for Bangladesh
Global problems require global solutions; the challenges raised by current world carbon emissions and the associated greenhouse warming, demands an international response. The developed world is responsible for the bulk of current carbon dioxide emission, whilst the developing countries will see the fastest economic growth in the future and, associated with this, a potentially disastrous increase in fossil fuel consumption. It is now acknowledged that only renewable energy sources can provide a truly sustainable energy supply system.
There are of course other compelling reasons for using renewable energy sources. They generate no air pollution at all, and so contribute to improved air quality, a factor of growing importance in the urban environment (in both developed and developing countries). They are naturally distributed and can make little or no demands on transmission and distribution infrastructure. This point is of particular relevance to countries, like Bangladesh, with a large rural population. In the rural context a small scale renewable energy generator is often the most cost effective way to provide electricity, which accounts the recent significant growth in solar home systems.
The technologies for electricity generation from wind and solar energy and now well advanced, indeed these are currently the fastest growing forms of electricity generation world wide. Whilst most wind power capacity is installed in Europe and the USA, most photovoltaic (PY) systems can be found in the developing countries. Of course costs need to be further reduced and there are special challenges associated with applications in the poorer rural areas where perhaps the potential benefits to the local quality of life are greatest. Nevertheless PY offers enormous immediate benefits to countries with a good solar resource and could be deployed much faster than the current rate of rural electrification. Moreover, a number of studies suggest that for modest levels of domestic electricity supply (sufficient for a couple of lights and perhaps a television or similar appliance), PY solar home systems, or community based systems, are considerably more cost effective than extension of the national electricity supply infrastructure. And of course the wider benefits of reduced fossil fuel consumption should not be forgotten.
This training course for which these lectures were developed was the result of a collaboration between Loughborough University in the UK and BUET supported by the British Council through a Higher Education Link. The material covers the basic science of photovoltaics and the solar resource, together with the systems engineering. It also addresses the all important context of application in rural areas where a number of practical impediments to the take up of the technology exists. It is at level suitable for technical practitioners.
A.K.M. Sadrul Islam D.G. Infield
Table of contents
Chapter No DESCRIPTION OF ITEM NAME & ADDRESS OF WRITER 01 ENERGY CONTEXT IN BANGLADESH M. Nurul Islam Institute of Appropriate Technology BUET, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh 02 INTRODUCTION TO SALAR RESOURCES AMA Huq, MAR Akhanda and MA
Islam Department of Mechanical Engineering BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh 03 SOLAR RADIATION IN BANGLADESH M. Imtiaz Hossain Department of Mechanical Engineering BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh 04 INTRODUCTION TO PV CELL TECHNOLOGY Ralph Gottschalg Centre for renewable Energy systems
Technology Department of Electronic and Electrical
Engineering Loughborough University, Loughborough, LEII
3TU. UK. 05 MODULE/CELL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION Ralph Gottschalg Centre for renewable Energy systems
Technology (CREST) Department of Electronic and Electrical
Engineering Loughborough University, Loughborough, LEII
3TU. UK. 06 PV SYSTEM DESIGN D Simmons CREST, Loughborough University, UK. 07 PV SYSTEM APPLICATION D Simmons CREST, Loughborough University, UK 08 ENERGY STORAGE BATTERRY Mr. Shah Md. Sazzad Hossain Rahimafrooz Batteries Limited, Dhaka 09 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND APPRORIATE FINANCING Dewan A. H. Alamgir Program Specialist, Enterprise Development
Term, USAID, Bangladesh 10 APPLICATIONS IN BANGLADESH SOLAR PV WATER PUMPING PV REFRIGERATOR FOR VACCINE PRESERVATION PV SYSTEM FOR RURAL COMMUNITIES: EXPERIENCE
OF LGED SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS(SHS): A PROJECT OF REB M. A. R. Sarker, A Islam, A. K. Mozumder & A. M. A. Huq Department of Mechanical Engineering BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh Md. Tarik-Ul-Islam SEMP, Local Government Engineering Department
(LGED), Dhaka Md. Abdul Halim Mollah Rural Electrification Board, Dhaka 11 PRACTICAL PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN RURAL
APPLICATION Hasna J. Khan and Asma Huque Prokaushali Sangsad Limited, Dhaka 12 POTENTIAL HAZARD AND SAFETY PROCEDURE FROM A
VILLAGE PERSPECTIVE Hasna J. Khan and Asma Huque Prokaushali Sangsad Limited, Dhaka,
Bangladesh 13 LOCAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR SOLAR PV
SYSTEMS M. Rezwan Khan Department of Electrical & Electronic
Engineering BUET, Dhaka 14 FUTURE PROSPECTIVES FOR PV TECHNOLOGIES Ralph Gottschalg Centre for renewable Energy systems
Technology Department of Electronic and Electrical
Engineering Loughborough University, Loughborough, LEII
3TU. UK.
Title :
Journal of Energy & Environment Volume 5,
May 2006
ISSN: 1563-1362
Prof.
Shahidul
Islam
Khan
Director,
Centre
for Energy
Studies,
BUET
Prof.
Md. Nurul
Islam,
Institute
of
Appropriate
Technology,
BUET
Prof. Md. Quamrul Ahsan, Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engg., BUET Electrical Power and Energy
Prof.
Md.
Sabder
Ali,
Dept.
of Chemical
Engineering,
BUET
Prof. Shahidul Islam Khan, Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engg., BUET Electricity from Renewable Energy T
Prof.
Md.
Abdur
Rashid
Sarkar,
Dept.
of
Mechanical
Engineering,
BUET
Thermal
Engineering
and
Solar
Energy
Wind Energy
Prof.
Md.
Mahbubul
Alam,
Dept.
of
Mechanical
Engineering,
BUET
Prof.
Ijaz
Hossain,
Dept.
of
Chemical
Engineering,
BUET
Managing Editor
Md. Obaidullah, experimental Engineering, CES, BUET
Acknowledgemetns
Prof. Mohammad Ali Choudhury, BUET, Bangladesh
Dr. Mohammed Hamidul Haque, NTU, Singapore
Prof.
Md.
Zahurul
Hag,
BUET,
Bangladesh
Prof.
Iqbal
Husain,
University
of Akron,
USA
Dr.
Md.
Monirul1slam,
BUET,
Bangladesh
Prof.
Jibon Prodder,
BUET,
Bangladesh
Prof.
R.
K.
Saha,
IIT Kharagpur,
India
International Advisory Board
Prof.
Masjuki
Hj.
Hassan
Prof.
M.
N.
A. Hawlader
Prof.
Ji Jie
Prof.
Saifur
Rahman
Prof.
A. A.M.
Sayigh
Dept.
of
Mechanical
and
Process
Engineering,
Duesseldorf
University
of
Applied
Sciences,
Josef-Gockeln-Str.
9,
D-40474
Duesseldorf,
Germany
Centre
for
Energy
Studies,
Indian
Institute
of Technology
Delhi,
New
Delhi,
India
School
of Environment,
Resources
and Development,
Asian
Institute
of Technology,
Pathumthani
12120,
Thailand.
Dept.
of
Mechanical
and
Aerospace
Engineering,
University
of Florida,
Gainesville,
FL
32611-6300,
USA.
Faculty of
Engineering,
University
of Malaya,
50603
Kuala
Lumpur,
Malaysia.
National
University
of Singapore,
10 Kent Ridge
Crescent,
Singapore-II9260
Dept.
of
Thermal
Science
and
Energy
Engineering,
University
of Science
and
Technology
of China
CUSTC),
Hefei,
Anhui,
China
-230026
National
Centre
for Photovoltaic
and
Technology,
1617
Cole
Boul'evard,
Golden
Colorado
80401-3393,
USA.
Alexandria
Research
Institute,
Virginia
Tech.
and
State
University,
USA.
University
of Reading,
PO
Box 362,
Brighton
BN2
1 YH,
UK.
Editorial Office :
Prof.
Shahidul Islam
Khan Director, Centre for Energy Studies BUET, Dhaka-l
000, Bangladesh Tel: + 880-2-9665650-80/7304 Fax: + 880-2-8613046
E-mail:
dirces@buet.ac.bd
Web page:
http://www.buet.ac.bd/ces
Journal of Energy & Environment Volume 5, May 2006
Contents
-
The Influence of the Support Frame on the Annual Electric and Thermal Performance of a PV - Wall in Hong Kong, J. Jie and H. N. Lam
-
A Development in the Gas-Flow Control Knob of Usual Household Kitchen Burner by Zone Optimization and Recalibration M. M. A. Khan, G. M. Khan and S. Chowdhury
-
Volatilisation and Catalytic Effects of AAEM Species on Reactivity of Char from Pyrolysis and Gasification of Victorian Brown Coal , K. Jamil and C. Z. Li
-
Thermal Performance and Economic Effectiveness for Solar Air Heaters: Analysis and Expert System Developments, B. A. A. Yousef and N. M. Adam
-
Digital Implementation of a New PWM Switching Scheme for Modular Structured, Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter, Z. Salam, IAziz and S. S. Ahmed
-
Developing a Comprehensive Energy Guide Label for Household Appliances through ,Consumers Research Survey, R. Saidur, M. A."Sattar, A. Izudin and H. H. Masjuki
-
Frequency and Duration Method for Reliability Evaluation of Large Scale Power , Generation System by Fast Fourier Transform Technique, P. Renuga, N. Ramaraj and A. Primrose
-
Evaluation of Exhaust Emissions Reduction of a Retrofitted Bi-Fuel Spark Ignition Engine , M. A. Kalam, H. H. Masjuki and 1. I. Yaacob
-
Application of Genetic Algorithm for Evaluation of Kinetic Parameters of Coal Pyrolysis, S. S. Dhumal and R. K.Saha
-
A Novel Approach to Determine Static Voltage Stability Limit and Its Improvement, Using TCSC and SVC, C. K. Babulal, P. S. Kannan and J. Maryanita
-
Sponsored by German Technical Cooperation(GTZ) and Organized by Center for Energy Studies (CES), BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Title of paper’s ;
- An Overview of Renewable Energy Sources
- Review of Policy Formulation and Institutional Development Process for Harnessing Renewable Energy Sources in Bangladesh
- Solar Thermal Resources
- Biomass Gasification
- Biomass Gasifier Stoves for Cooking Application
- Wind Energy Resources
- Improved Stoves & Indoor Air Pollution
- Design, Operation and Maintenance of Biogas Plants
- Success of Grameen Shakti in Solar Home Lighting System and Biogas Plant
by Dipal C. Barua
Published by Grameen Shakti , Grameen Bank Bhaban (1 9th Floor) Mirpur-2, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh Tel: (+088-2) 9004314, 9004081 Fax: (+880-2) 8035345, (+880-2) 9004314, 9004081 Ext. 103
E-mail: g_shakti@grameen.net
Web: www.gshakti.org
Cover : Rural school children are reading under solar light
Published in Jan 2008
Price : Taka 120.00 US$ 5.00
Bangladesh can be called an energy starved country. Only 40% of the
people have access to grid electricity while even a lesser percentage, a
mere 3%, has access to gas through pipelines. A country starved of
energy cannot develop economically. The rural poor are the worst
sufferers especially women.
 Nobel Laureale Prof Muhammad Yunus |
Grameen Shakti (GS), a member of the Grameen family, started its journey in 1996, as a not for profit company, to provide renewable energy services such as solar, biogas, improved cook stove and wind energy in remote rural areas of Bangladesh. GS has designed the most successful market based model for rural electrification through solar PV technology. It has achieved international renown for being the first company in the world to promote solar technology successfully to rural communities and develop a sustainable and cost effective renewable energy program, targeting rural people. For this reason, it has won many national and international awards. Currently, GS is serving more than one million beneficiaries through its 340 unit offices spread over all districts out of total 64 districts in Bangladesh. It has installed more than 1,30,000 Solar Home Systems (SHS) as of December 2007 with the capacity of 6.5 MW, More than 5,000 SHSs are installed each month, making GS one of the fastest growing company in the renewable energy sector.
Another major focus
of GS is biogas technology. This technology can be used to transform
polluting, hazardous wastes such as cow dung, poultry droppings etc,
into clean and efficient energy which can be used for cooking and other
purposes such as generating electricity. GS believes that this
technology is very appropriate for Bangladesh because it helps meet the
energy needs of the rural people at very low cost - they only need a few
cows or poultry- and at the same time, boosts the emerging poultry, live
stock industry of Bangladesh by taking care of their energy and
productive waste management needs.
This publication,
"Grameen
Shakti : An
Integrated and Sustainable Model for Bringing Light, Income, Health and
Affordable Climate Friendly Energy to the Rural People" illustrates the
various programs of GS in detail, especially focusing on the aspects of
the program which have made GS a successful renewable energy company.
For example, it talks about the marketing and financial model of GS such
as its need assessment studies, feasibility analysis before opening a
new unit office, or its promotional tools, backup services,
diversification to ensure users satisfaction.
I hope the readers
will get some basic ideas on how to operate a not for profit renewable
energy company from this book.
Professor Muhammand Yunus
Chairman Grameen Shakti
-
Journey Towards Green Energy Revolution
-
Grameen Shakti Envolving as a Social Business to meet the Energy needs of the Rural People of Bangladesh
-
Grameen Shakti Solar Energy Program
-
Empowering Rural Women through Technology: Grameen Technology Centers
-
Biogas Program: For Clean Energy, Pollution free Healthy Environment
-
Improved Cook Stoves
-
Wind Energy Program
-
Tree Plantation Program
-
A Model Renewable Energy Organization
-
Future Plan
-
Achievements and Recognitions
-
Awards Receiving Ceremony
Book Title :
RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES IN ASIA
Book Title : Green Energy Development Model in the St. Martins Island And Energy from coconut palm biomass
Books published form different source in world
Publications by International Energy Agency
|
Welcome to the IEA Bookshop. The International Energy Agency publishes around 40 books a year. The Studies and Country Reviews are available in paper and in PDF format and most Statistical Publications in Paper, PDF or on CD Rom. Latest Publications for sale:
|
IEA Publications on 'Renewable Energy'
|
Deploying Renewables --
Principles
for Effective Policies, 200 pages, ISBN 978-92-64-04220-9,
paper €100, PDF €80 (2008)
Renewable energy can play a fundamental role in tackling
climate change, environmental degradation and energy
security. As these challenges have become ever more
pressing, governments and markets are seeking innovative
solutions. Yet, what are the key factors that will determine
the success of renewable energy policies? How can current
policies be improved to encourage greater deployment of
renewables? What impact can more effective policies have on
renewables’ share in the future global energy mix and how
soon?
Deploying Renewables: Principles for Effective Policies addresses these questions. Responding to the Gleneagles G8 call for a clean and secure energy future, it highlights key policy tools to fast-track renewables into the mainstream. This analysis illustrates good practices by applying the combined metrics of effectiveness and efficiency to renewable energy policies in the electricity, heating and transport sectors. It highlights significant barriers to accelerating renewables penetration, and argues that the great potential of renewables can be exploited much more rapidly and to a much larger extent if good practices are adopted. Carefully designed policy frameworks, customised to support technologies at differing stages of maturity, will deliver a strong portfolio of renewable energy technologies. Deploying Renewables: Principles for Effective Policies provides recommendations on key principles for policy design as a template for decision makers. |
|
Renewables Information 2008 --
with
2007 data, 358 pages, ISBN 978-92-64-04256-8 (Paper)
978-92-64-04261-2 (CD-ROM), paper €80, PDF €64, CD-ROM €300 (2008)
Renewables Information provides a comprehensive
review of historical and current market trends in OECD
countries.
This reference document brings together essential statistics on renewable and waste energy sources. It therefore provides a strong foundation for policy and market analysis, which in turn can better inform the policy decision process to select policy instruments best suited to meet domestic and international objectives. Part I of the publication provides an overview of the development of renewables and waste in the world over the 1990 to 2006 period. A greater focus is given to OECD countries with a review of electricity generation and capacity from renewable and waste energy sources. Part II of the publication provides a corresponding statistical overview of developments in the world and OECD renewables and waste market. Part III provides, in tabular form, a more detailed and comprehensive picture of developments for renewable and waste energy sources for each of the 30 OECD member countries, including 2007 preliminary data. It encompasses energy indicators, generating capacity, electricity and heat production from renewable and waste sources, as well as production and consumption of renewables and waste. Renewables Information is one of a series of annual IEA statistical publications on major energy sources; other reports are Electricity Information, Natural Gas Information, Oil Information and Coal Information. _________________________________________________ The CD-ROM includes detailed annual statistics on renewables and waste energy supply and demand for OECD countries. For most OECD countries, the data series begin in 1990. |
|
Energy Policies of IEA Countries - Ireland --
2007 Review, 154 pages, ISBN
978-92-64-02562-2, paper €75, PDF €60 (2007)
Type: Country Reviews
Subject: Energy Efficiency ; Energy Market Reform ; Energy Policy ; OECD Countries ; Renewable Energy
Ireland’s remarkable economic growth over the last 15 years
had strong effects on the energy sector. Due to rapidly
increasing demand, Ireland has become much more dependent on
international energy markets than it was in the past. For
Irish energy policy, 2007 is a watershed year. It marks the
end of the transition in market liberalisation with the
introduction of a unified national electricity market. In
addition, the publication of a new energy policy should help
to ensure future security of supply and bring environmental
improvements of energy use.
Ireland is highly dependent on oil and increasingly dependent on natural gas. The price of these two commodities has strongly increased recently, which results in a heavy burden for the Irish economy and a risk for energy security. The main alternative in the supply side is coal and peat, which causes greenhouse gas emissions to rise much faster than expected. This review analyses the energy challenges facing Ireland and suggests solutions, focussing on moving ahead with market reform and increasing the energy efficiency of the Irish economy. Establishing the “All-Island” electricity market will be of critical importance. Sharper focus on energy efficiency in all sectors of the economy, but in particular in transport and buildings, must be a priority. Finally, to achieve its ambitious goals for renewables in energy supply, Ireland will have to provide ample resources for research and development, to allow technologies such as ocean power to move from the laboratory to the market. |
IEA Publications on 'Energy Efficiency'
|
Energy Policies of IEA Countries – Japan --
2008 Review, 120 pages, ISBN
978-92-64-04335-0, paper €75, PDF €60 (2008)
Declaring climate change and environment as a top priority
of the 2008 G8 Summit in Hokkaido, host country Japan has
demonstrated its commitment to pressing ahead in these
domains. Already a world leader in advancing energy
technology transfer and environmental policy, the country is
determined to further improve its domestic policies, moving
it towards a more sustainable and secure energy pathway for
the long term. Along with other accomplishments, government
support for energy R&D is very strong and policies to
enhance the efficiency of appliances – both for domestic
consumption and export – are models for other countries.
Yet there is still room for progress. Most importantly, a greater reliance on market forces throughout the system could lead customers to choices that enhance security, raise economic efficiency and promote environmental protection. Particularly with respect to climate change goals – Japan is the world’s fifth-largest greenhouse gas emitter – strengthening the value on greenhouse gas emissions would help give consumers the appropriate signals they need to make the right choices. Enhancing energy savings through efforts aimed at particular sectors (sectoral approaches) could be a part of the overall policy mix, along with ongoing leadership in promoting energy efficiency. The government should continue to work to complement existing voluntary instruments with stronger ones, including ones that rely more on market incentives, and standards and requirements. This review takes an in-depth look at the energy challenges facing Japan today and provides critiques and recommendations for policy improvements to help guide the country towards a more sustainable energy future. |
|
Energy Policies of IEA Countries – Finland --
2007 Review, ISBN
978-92-64-03071-8, paper €75, PDF €60 (2008)
Type: Country Reviews
Subject: Energy Efficiency ; Energy Market Reform ; Energy Policy ; Technology - RD
Faced with considerable challenges related to its geography
and size, Finland’s sound energy policies do much to
overcome its situation. The country leverages its small
market where it can – such as by adopting or harmonising
with EU directives and policies. To counter its relative
isolation, Finland strengthened its position by becoming
part of the larger Nordic electricity market and enhancing
energy linkages. At the core, however, the country ensures
energy security by relying on transparency and sound market
signals to investors and customers, as well as by making
good use of domestic sources of biomass and nuclear.
As Finland continues to refine and enhance its energy policy, there are some areas that warrant special attention. As nearly all fossil fuels are imported and all natural gas comes through a single interconnection, the government should continue to explore ways to diversify import sources and routes. The new nuclear power plant currently being built – the first in a liberalised market – will help safeguard energy security, though the construction delays necessitate continued monitoring. Subsidies for peat, a fuel in abundance in Finland, should be reconsidered, as they do not enhance energy security. On the other hand, the government should continue to explore ways to expand new renewables, building on the current stock of biomass and hydro. This book takes an in-depth look at Finland’s energy policy today and, through comparisons with good examples in other IEA countries, provides critiques and recommendations for improvements to guide the country towards a sustainable energy future. While the review provides comprehensive coverage of all topics, this thematic report highlights energy efficiency and energy R&D. |
|
Promoting Energy Efficiency Investments --
Case Studies in the Residential Sector,
324 pages, ISBN 978-92-64-04214-8, paper €100, PDF €80 (2008)
Out of print - available in
PDF only.
Existing buildings are responsible for over 40% of the world’s total primary energy consumption. An impressive amount of energy could be saved simply by applying energy-efficient technologies. Yet, various market barriers inhibit energy efficiency improvements in existing buildings and result in energy savings that are significantly lower than potentials. Financial barriers -- including the initial cost barrier, risk exposure, discount-factor issues and the inadequacy of traditional financing mechanisms for energy-efficient projects -- play a major role. Policies that may help to overcome financial barriers to improving energy efficiency in existing residential buildings are the focus of this study. The publication provides illustrations of policies and measures implemented in five IEA member countries and the European Union. Each case includes relevant background and contextual information, as well as a detailed evaluation of each policy according to five pre-defined criteria: relevance, effectiveness, flexibility, clarity and sustainability. Promoting Energy Efficiency Investments aims to inform policy makers and offers ideas on the most effective policies, programmes and measures available to improve energy efficiency in existing residential buildings. |
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries - Austria --
2007 Review, ISBN
978-92-64-03075-6, paper €75, PDF €60 (2008)
Type: Country Reviews
Subject: Energy Efficiency ; Energy Market Reform ; Energy Policy ; Environment
Since the last review in 2002, Austrian energy policy has
seen many positive developments. Today, Austria counts among
the IEA member countries with the highest share of renewable
energy supply, thus increasing energy security and reducing
CO2 emissions. Great progress has also been made in the
utilisation of biomass for heat and electricity production.
Nevertheless, many challenges remain.
The climate strategy revision in 2007 is commendably realistic, but uncertainty remains whether it will be sufficient, and whether renewables and energy efficiency are well-balanced within it. While Austria is strongly promoting an increase of renewables production by adopting challenging targets, it is less ambitious in the area of energy efficiency. To achieve the renewables target, their supply will have to double, leading to significant increases in costs. In energy efficiency, while Austria is leading in developing efficient building solutions, there are concerns about implementation, especially about the lack of ambition and divergence in building codes. Overall, energy intensity has increased in recent years, and the government will have to put a strong focus on reversing this development. Despite the early opening of the energy markets, effective competition has failed to emerge. This is partially due to systemic weaknesses such as dominant incumbents, lack of transparency in price formulation and a weak regulatory system with the potential for conflicts of interest. This review thoroughly analyses Austrian energy policy and identifies the key challenges that need to be addressed. With recommendations for improvements, it is an important guide for Austrian policy makers toward a safer and cleaner energy future. |
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries – United States --
2007 Review, 200 pages, ISBN
978-92-64-03073-2, paper €75, PDF €60 (2008)
The United States is the largest economy and energy user in
the world. Significant developments have taken place in its
energy policy since the last IEA review in 2002. Most
important is the Energy Policy Act 2005 – a comprehensive
energy legislation which has set new directions, including
opening the way for a nuclear renaissance.
Two closely connected challenges shape all debates on the nation’s energy policy path: how to increase security by reducing the dependence on imported supplies; and how to address growing emissions of greenhouse gases. The United States national strategy is to find solutions largely through technology. It is a world leader in R&D and is driving development of carbon capture and storage and second-generation biofuels. But thus far, no federal government policy is in place to establish as a target an absolute reduction of CO2 emissions. The resulting uncertainty risks holding back investments into new technologies and may delay projects that are urgently required. The transport sector will be a key to a sustainable success. In the short to medium term, reduced fuel demand through higher vehicle efficiency will increase security and reduce CO2 emissions. Yet the policy for the revision of CAFÉ (the corporate average fuel economy) standards will leave consumers with vehicles that fall short of the technological possibilities. This review takes an in-depth look at these issues and provides recommendations on how the United States can do more to answer the challenges of both improving its security of energy supply and lowering its emissions intensity, demonstrating the significant improvements that can already be realised through existing technologies. |
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries - Switzerland --
2007 Review, 128 pages, ISBN
978-92-64-03069-5, paper €75, PDF €60 (2007)
Type: Country Reviews
Subject: Energy Efficiency ; Energy Market Reform ; Energy Policy ; OECD Countries
Switzerland is entering decisive times in its energy policy.
In 2008, the country should see remarkable advance in
electricity market reform. Support for renewable electricity
is set to increase massively. Decisions on post-Kyoto
targets are getting closer, and a CO2 tax will be introduced
for heating and process fuels. Plus, new measures to
increase energy efficiency and the broader use of renewable
energy are high on the political agenda.
Since the last in-depth review in 2003, Switzerland has made progress in most areas of energy policy. Still, more work remains to be done. Maintaining sufficient electricity capacity implies even stronger policies to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. At the same time, the country will also need to decide which sources to use for large-scale power supply. High dependency on oil can become a burden in a post-Kyoto world. In particular, Switzerland’s climate policy should focus more on reducing emissions from private car use, the largest and fastest-growing emitter. Current measures have not proven effective, and the costs of reducing CO2 emissions are being distorted across sectors. Switzerland’s world-class energy R&D is expected to more than halve energy needs per capita by the second half of this century. This ambitious goal needs to be supported by consistent policies on energy efficiency and climate change. This book takes an in-depth look at the energy challenges facing Switzerland and provides critiques and recommendations for policy improvements. The review guides the country towards a sustainable energy future. |
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Fossil Fuel-Fired Power Generation --
Case studies of recently constructed
coal- and gas-fired plants, 176 pages, ISBN
978-92-64-03908-7, paper €100, PDF €80 (2007)
To meet future energy demand growth and replace older or
inefficient units, a large number of fossil fuel-fired
plants will be required to be built worldwide in the next
decade. Yet CO2 emissions from fossil-fired power generation
are a major contributor to climate change. As a result, new
plants must be designed and operated at highest efficiency
both to reduce CO2 emissions and to facilitate deployment of
CO2 capture and storage in the future.
The series of case studies in this report, which respond to a request to the IEA from the G8 Summit in July 2005, were conducted to illustrate what efficiency is achieved now in modern plants in different parts of the world using different grades of fossil fuels. The plants were selected from different geographical areas, because local factors influence attainable efficiency. The case studies include pulverized coal combustion (PCC) with both subcritical and supercritical (very high pressure and temperature) steam turbine cycles, a review of current and future applications of coal-fuelled integrated gasification combined cycle plants (IGCC), and a case study of a natural gas fired combined cycle plant to facilitate comparisons. The results of these analyses show that the technologies for high efficiency (low CO2 emission) and very low conventional pollutant emissions (particulates, SO2, NOx) from fossil fuel-fired power generation are available now through PCC, IGCC or NGCC at commercially acceptable cost. This report contains comprehensive technical and indicative cost information for modern fossil fuel-fired plants that was previously unavailable. It serves as a valuable sourcebook for policy makers and technical decision makers contemplating decisions to build new fossil fuel-fired power generation plants. |
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Mind the Gap --
Quantifying
Principal-Agent Problems in Energy Efficiency, 160 pages,
ISBN 978-92-64-03884-4, paper €75, PDF €60 (2007)
Energy efficiency presents a unique opportunity to address
three energy-related challenges in IEA member countries:
energy security, climate change, and economic development.
Yet an energy-efficiency gap exists between actual and optimal energy use. That is, significant cost-effective energy efficiency potential is wasted because market barriers prevent countries from achieving optimal levels. Market barriers take many forms, from inadequate access to capital, isolation from price signals, information asymmetry, and split-incentives. Though many studies have reported the existence of such market barriers, none so far have attempted to quantify the magnitude of their effect on energy use and efficiency. Mind the Gap is an unprecedented attempt to quantify the size of one of the most pervasive barriers to energy efficiency – principal-agent problems, or in common parlance, variations on the ‘landlord-tenant’ problem. In doing so, the book provides energy analysts and economists with unique insights into the amount of energy affected by principal-agent problems. Using an innovative methodology applied to eight case studies (covering commercial and residential sectors, and end-use appliances) from five different IEA countries, the analysis identifies over 3,800 PJ/year of affected energy use – that is, around 85% of the annual energy use of a country the size of Spain. The book builds on these findings to suggest a range of possible policy solutions that can reduce the impact of principal-agent problems and help policy makers mind the energy efficiency gap. |
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Energy Use in the New Millennium --
Trends in IEA Countries, 160 pages, ISBN 978-92-64-03429-7,
paper €100, PDF €80 (2007)
At their Gleneagles Summit in July 2005, G8 leaders
identified climate change and securing clean energy and
sustainable development as key global challenges. They
agreed that we must transform the way we use energy and that
we must start now. Improved energy efficiency is essential
to meeting this goal. Therefore, the G8 asked the IEA to
provide analysis of energy use and efficiency developments
in buildings, appliances, transport and industry.
This publication is a response to the G8 request. Looking back, it shows how changes in energy efficiency, economic structure, income, prices and fuel mix have affected recent trends in energy use and CO2 emissions in IEA countries. The results are a “wake-up call” for us all. Since 1990, the rate of energy efficiency improvement in IEA countries has been less than 1% per year – much lower than in previous decades and not nearly enough to stem the growth of CO2 emissions. If we are to tackle climate change and move towards a sustainable energy future then this rate will need to double. We must – and we can – do better! By means of in-depth energy indicators, Energy Use in the New Millennium: Trends in IEA Countries provides important insights to policy-makers about current energy use and CO2 emission patterns that will help shape priorities for future action. |
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries - Ireland --
2007 Review, 154 pages, ISBN
978-92-64-02562-2, paper €75, PDF €60 (2007)
Type: Country Reviews
Subject: Energy Efficiency ; Energy Market Reform ; Energy Policy ; OECD Countries ; Renewable Energy
Ireland’s remarkable economic growth over the last 15 years
had strong effects on the energy sector. Due to rapidly
increasing demand, Ireland has become much more dependent on
international energy markets than it was in the past. For
Irish energy policy, 2007 is a watershed year. It marks the
end of the transition in market liberalisation with the
introduction of a unified national electricity market. In
addition, the publication of a new energy policy should help
to ensure future security of supply and bring environmental
improvements of energy use.
Ireland is highly dependent on oil and increasingly dependent on natural gas. The price of these two commodities has strongly increased recently, which results in a heavy burden for the Irish economy and a risk for energy security. The main alternative in the supply side is coal and peat, which causes greenhouse gas emissions to rise much faster than expected. This review analyses the energy challenges facing Ireland and suggests solutions, focussing on moving ahead with market reform and increasing the energy efficiency of the Irish economy. Establishing the “All-Island” electricity market will be of critical importance. Sharper focus on energy efficiency in all sectors of the economy, but in particular in transport and buildings, must be a priority. Finally, to achieve its ambitious goals for renewables in energy supply, Ireland will have to provide ample resources for research and development, to allow technologies such as ocean power to move from the laboratory to the market. |
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Tracking Industrial Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emissions, 324
pages, ISBN 978-92-64-03016-9, paper €100, PDF €80 (2007)
Industry accounts for about one-third of global energy
demand. Most of that energy is used to produce raw
materials: chemicals, iron and steel, non-metallic minerals,
pulp and paper and non-ferrous metals. Just how efficiently
is this energy put to work?
This question was on the minds of the G8 leaders at their summit in Gleneagles in 2005, when they set a “Plan of Action for Climate Change, Clean Energy and Sustainable Development”. They called upon the International Energy Agency to provide information and advice in a number of areas including special attention to the industrial sector. Tracking Industrial Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emissions responds to the G8 request. This major new analysis shows how industrial energy efficiency has improved dramatically over the last 25 years. Yet important opportunities for additional gains remain, which is evident when the efficiencies of different countries are compared. This analysis identifies the leaders and the laggards. It explains clearly a complex issue for non-experts. With new statistics, groundbreaking methodologies, thorough analysis and advice, and substantial industry consultation, this publication equips decision makers in the public and private sectors with the essential information that is needed to reshape energy use in manufacturing in a more sustainable manner |
IEA Publications on 'Energy Security'
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Natural Gas Market Review 2008 --
Optimising investments and ensuring security in a high-priced
environment, 288 pages, ISBN 978-92-64-04908-6, paper €80,
PDF €64 (2008)
Over the last 18 months, natural gas prices have continued
to rise steadily in all IEA markets. What are the causes of
this steady upward trend?
Unprecedented oil and coal prices which have encouraged power generators to switch to gas, together with tight supplies, demand for gas in new markets and delayed investments all played a role. Investment uncertainties, cost increases and delays remain major concerns in most gas markets and are continuing to constitute a threat to long-term security of supply. A massive expansion in LNG production is expected in the short term to 2012, but the lag in LNG investment beyond 2012 is a concern for all gas users in both IEA and non-IEA markets. Despite this tight market context, regional markets continue on their way to globalisation. This tendency seems irreversible, and it impacts even the most independent markets. Price linkages and other interactions between markets are becoming more pronounced. The Natural Gas Market Review 2008 addresses these major developments, assessing investment in natural gas projects (LNG, pipelines, upstream), escalating costs, the activities of international oil and gas companies, and gas demand in the power sector. In addition, the publication includes data and forecasts on OECD and non-OECD regions to 2015 and in-depth reviews of five OECD countries and regions including the European Union. It also provides analysis of 34 non-OECD countries in South America, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia, including a detailed assessment of the outlook for gas in Russia, as well as insights on new technologies to deliver gas to markets. |
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Medium-Term Oil Market Report (MTOMR) 2008, 97 pages, ISBN
N/A, paper €500, PDF €400 (2008)
Subscribers to the IEA Oil Market Report will receive the Medium-Term Oil Market Report (MTOMR) as part of their subscription. New subscriptions are available for 2450 Euros, and include the monthly report from October 2008 until December 2009, and both the July 2008 and July 2009 issues of the MTOMR. To complete subscription formalities, email to OMRSubscriptions@iea.org To order an individual copy of the MTOMR, please order on this page. Why have oil prices hit $140 per barrel? How strong will oil demand be in the upcoming years? Will supply of crude oil, natural gas liquids and biofuels be sufficient to meet this future demand? And, no less crucially, what investments in refining capacity and technology can we expect and will these help ease some of the imbalance in strained oil product markets? Now into its third year, the Medium-Term Oil Market Report published by the International Energy Agency (IEA) has become a new benchmark, complementing the short-term market analysis provided in the IEA Oil Market Report. This year’s edition reappraises all upstream and downstream projects worldwide, setting them against a revised demand forecast and expanding the time horizon to 2013. Special features this year include in-depth analyses of price formation, transport trends, non-OECD economies, non-OPEC production decline, project slippage, key crude export pipeline developments and a stronger emphasis on product supply bottlenecks. An essential report for all policy makers, market analysts, energy experts and anyone interested in understanding and following oil market trends, the Medium-Term Oil Market Report is a further element of the strong commitment of the IEA to improving and expanding the quality, timeliness and accuracy of energy data and analysis. |
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Energy in the Western Balkans --
The
Path to Reform and Reconstruction, 416 pages, ISBN
978-92-64-04218-6, paper €100, PDF €80 (2008)
We offer a 50% discount for
countries from the Western Balkans:
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo. Please send an email to books@iea.org for your discount to be set up. Please do not place your order before receiving your confirmation e-mail. The Western Balkans – composed of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo – is a complex region facing significant energy challenges. The conflicts over the break-up of the former Yugoslavia damaged much of the energy infrastructure and compounded the challenge of providing reliable energy supply. Electricity systems in many parts of the region remain fragile and in need of investment. A priority across the region is to put into place the institutions, infrastructure and policies that can support the provision of reliable, affordable and sustainable energy. For the Western Balkans as a whole, a key element of the reform effort is the Energy Community Treaty – a regulatory and market framework to which the entire region has now subscribed. This Treaty aims to create an integrated regional market for electricity and gas compatible with the European Union’s internal energy market. This Energy Policy Survey is the first comprehensive review of energy policies and strategies in the Western Balkan region, and also covers important cross-cutting topics such as co-operation and energy trade, oil and gas transportation, and the links between energy and poverty. It identifies and assesses the reforms that are still needed to deliver efficient, modernised energy systems that can assist economic development, address energy poverty and reduce the environmental impacts of energy use. |
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World Energy Outlook 2007 --
China
and India Insights, 670 pages, ISBN 978-92-64-02730-5,
paper €150, PDF €120 (2007)
Type: Studies
Subject: CO2 Emissions ; Energy Policy ; Energy Projections ; Energy Security ; Investment
Special discounts:
- 80% discount for clients based in India and China - 30% discount for universities and non-profit organisations - 50% discount for clients based in developing countries, other than India and China Please send an email to books@iea.org for your special discount to be set up. Please do not place your order before receiving your confirmation e-mail. World leaders have pledged to act to change the energy future. Some new policies are in place. But the trends in energy demand, imports, coal use and greenhouse gas emissions to 2030 in this year’s World Energy Outlook are even worse than projected in WEO 2006. China and India are the emerging giants of the world economy. Their unprecedented pace of economic development will require ever more energy, but it will transform living standards for billions. There can be no question of asking them selectively to curb growth so as to solve problems which are global. So how is the transition to be achieved to a more secure, lower-carbon energy system? WEO 2007 provides the answers. With extensive statistics, projections in three scenarios, analysis and advice, it shows China, India and the rest of the world why we need to co-operate to change the energy future and how to do it. |
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Oil Supply Security --
Emergency
Response of IEA Countries 2007, 384 pages, ISBN
978-92-64-04003-8, paper €100, PDF €80 (2007)
When Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf of Mexico in 2005, the
region’s oil production and refining infrastructure was
devastated and world energy markets were disrupted. The
International Energy Agency decided in a matter of days to
bring 60 million barrels of additional oil to the market.
The emergency response system worked – the collective action
helped to stabilise global markets.
Since its founding in 1974, oil supply security has been a core mission of the IEA and the Agency has improved its mechanisms to respond to short-term oil supply disruptions. Nevertheless, numerous factors will continue to test the delicate balance of supply and demand. Oil demand growth will continue to accelerate in Asia; oil will be increasingly produced by a shrinking number of countries; and capacities in the supply chain will need to expand. These are just a few of the challenges facing an already tight market. What are the emergency response systems of IEA countries? How are their emergency structures organised? How prepared is the IEA to deal with an oil supply disruption? Oil Supply Security: Emergency Response of IEA Countries addresses these questions. It presents another cycle of rigorous reviews of the emergency response mechanisms of IEA member countries. The goal of these reviews is to ensure that the IEA stays ready to respond effectively to oil supply disruptions. This publication also includes overviews of how China, India and countries of Southeast Asia are progressing with domestic policies to improve oil supply security, based on emergency stocks. |
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Tackling Investment Challenges in Power Generation --
In IEA Countries, 208 pages, ISBN
978-92-64-03007-7, paper €75, PDF €60 (2007)
Type: Studies
Subject: Electricity ; Energy Market Reform ; Energy Policy ; Energy Security ; Investment
To meet increasing demand and replace ageing power units,
considerable investment in new power generation will be
required over the next decade. In most IEA countries a new
investment cycle in power generation is looming: Many
uncertainties create risks that may lead to inappropriate
investment – too little, too late, in the wrong location and
with the wrong technology. A window of opportunity now
exists to push for a cleaner and more efficient generation
portfolio that could transform the power sector and help to
build a more sustainable infrastructure lasting over the
next 40-50 years.
What are the recent trends and prospects for investment in power generation? What are the main drivers and barriers? This book assesses these issues and gives special emphasis to the question of how uncertainties may affect investment decisions. Uncertainties on CO2 constraints, on power plant licensing, on acceptability of nuclear power, on local opposition to any new energy infrastructure, on government support for specific generation technologies and on government policies on energy efficiency are particularly disturbing. Market liberalisation can also be a key uncertainty, but this may be greatly reduced and deliver considerable benefits if liberalisation is implemented whole-heartedly and backed by on-going government commitment. Government action is urgently needed: to reduce regulatory uncertainty for investors, to establish effective competitive markets and to give firm policy directions in those areas where markets fall short, such as in taking environmental costs and security of supply into account. Tackling Investment Challenges in Power Generation shows the way forward. |
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Energy Security and Climate Policy --
Assessing Interactions, 150 pages,
ISBN 92-64-10993-5, paper €75, PDF €60 (2007)
World energy demand is surging. Oil, coal and natural gas
still meet most global energy needs, creating serious
implications for the environment. One result is that CO2
emissions, the principal cause of global warming, are
rising.
This new study underlines the close link between efforts to ensure energy security and those to mitigate climate change. Decisions on one side affect the other. To optimise the efficiency of their energy policy, OECD countries must consider energy security and climate change mitigation priorities jointly. The book presents a framework to assess interactions between energy security and climate change policies, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. The quantitative analysis is based on the development of energy security indicators, tracking the evolution of policy concerns linked to energy resource concentration. The “indicators” are applied to a reference scenario and CO2 policy cases for five case-study countries: The Czech Republic, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Simultaneously resolving energy security and environmental concerns is a key challenge for policy makers today. This study helps chart the course. |
IEA Publications on 'Energy Market Reform'
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Natural Gas Market Review 2008 --
Optimising investments and ensuring security in a high-priced
environment, 288 pages, ISBN 978-92-64-04908-6, paper €80,
PDF €64 (2008)
Over the last 18 months, natural gas prices have continued
to rise steadily in all IEA markets. What are the causes of
this steady upward trend?
Unprecedented oil and coal prices which have encouraged power generators to switch to gas, together with tight supplies, demand for gas in new markets and delayed investments all played a role. Investment uncertainties, cost increases and delays remain major concerns in most gas markets and are continuing to constitute a threat to long-term security of supply. A massive expansion in LNG production is expected in the short term to 2012, but the lag in LNG investment beyond 2012 is a concern for all gas users in both IEA and non-IEA markets. Despite this tight market context, regional markets continue on their way to globalisation. This tendency seems irreversible, and it impacts even the most independent markets. Price linkages and other interactions between markets are becoming more pronounced. The Natural Gas Market Review 2008 addresses these major developments, assessing investment in natural gas projects (LNG, pipelines, upstream), escalating costs, the activities of international oil and gas companies, and gas demand in the power sector. In addition, the publication includes data and forecasts on OECD and non-OECD regions to 2015 and in-depth reviews of five OECD countries and regions including the European Union. It also provides analysis of 34 non-OECD countries in South America, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia, including a detailed assessment of the outlook for gas in Russia, as well as insights on new technologies to deliver gas to markets. |
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Energy in the Western Balkans --
The
Path to Reform and Reconstruction, 416 pages, ISBN
978-92-64-04218-6, paper €100, PDF €80 (2008)
We offer a 50% discount for
countries from the Western Balkans:
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo. Please send an email to books@iea.org for your discount to be set up. Please do not place your order before receiving your confirmation e-mail. The Western Balkans – composed of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo – is a complex region facing significant energy challenges. The conflicts over the break-up of the former Yugoslavia damaged much of the energy infrastructure and compounded the challenge of providing reliable energy supply. Electricity systems in many parts of the region remain fragile and in need of investment. A priority across the region is to put into place the institutions, infrastructure and policies that can support the provision of reliable, affordable and sustainable energy. For the Western Balkans as a whole, a key element of the reform effort is the Energy Community Treaty – a regulatory and market framework to which the entire region has now subscribed. This Treaty aims to create an integrated regional market for electricity and gas compatible with the European Union’s internal energy market. This Energy Policy Survey is the first comprehensive review of energy policies and strategies in the Western Balkan region, and also covers important cross-cutting topics such as co-operation and energy trade, oil and gas transportation, and the links between energy and poverty. It identifies and assesses the reforms that are still needed to deliver efficient, modernised energy systems that can assist economic development, address energy poverty and reduce the environmental impacts of energy use. |
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries – Finland --
2007 Review, ISBN
978-92-64-03071-8, paper €75, PDF €60 (2008)
Type: Country Reviews
Subject: Energy Efficiency ; Energy Market Reform ; Energy Policy ; Technology - RD
Faced with considerable challenges related to its geography
and size, Finland’s sound energy policies do much to
overcome its situation. The country leverages its small
market where it can – such as by adopting or harmonising
with EU directives and policies. To counter its relative
isolation, Finland strengthened its position by becoming
part of the larger Nordic electricity market and enhancing
energy linkages. At the core, however, the country ensures
energy security by relying on transparency and sound market
signals to investors and customers, as well as by making
good use of domestic sources of biomass and nuclear.
As Finland continues to refine and enhance its energy policy, there are some areas that warrant special attention. As nearly all fossil fuels are imported and all natural gas comes through a single interconnection, the government should continue to explore ways to diversify import sources and routes. The new nuclear power plant currently being built – the first in a liberalised market – will help safeguard energy security, though the construction delays necessitate continued monitoring. Subsidies for peat, a fuel in abundance in Finland, should be reconsidered, as they do not enhance energy security. On the other hand, the government should continue to explore ways to expand new renewables, building on the current stock of biomass and hydro. This book takes an in-depth look at Finland’s energy policy today and, through comparisons with good examples in other IEA countries, provides critiques and recommendations for improvements to guide the country towards a sustainable energy future. While the review provides comprehensive coverage of all topics, this thematic report highlights energy efficiency and energy R&D. |
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries - Austria --
2007 Review, ISBN
978-92-64-03075-6, paper €75, PDF €60 (2008)
Type: Country Reviews
Subject: Energy Efficiency ; Energy Market Reform ; Energy Policy ; Environment
Since the last review in 2002, Austrian energy policy has
seen many positive developments. Today, Austria counts among
the IEA member countries with the highest share of renewable
energy supply, thus increasing energy security and reducing
CO2 emissions. Great progress has also been made in the
utilisation of biomass for heat and electricity production.
Nevertheless, many challenges remain.
The climate strategy revision in 2007 is commendably realistic, but uncertainty remains whether it will be sufficient, and whether renewables and energy efficiency are well-balanced within it. While Austria is strongly promoting an increase of renewables production by adopting challenging targets, it is less ambitious in the area of energy efficiency. To achieve the renewables target, their supply will have to double, leading to significant increases in costs. In energy efficiency, while Austria is leading in developing efficient building solutions, there are concerns about implementation, especially about the lack of ambition and divergence in building codes. Overall, energy intensity has increased in recent years, and the government will have to put a strong focus on reversing this development. Despite the early opening of the energy markets, effective competition has failed to emerge. This is partially due to systemic weaknesses such as dominant incumbents, lack of transparency in price formulation and a weak regulatory system with the potential for conflicts of interest. This review thoroughly analyses Austrian energy policy and identifies the key challenges that need to be addressed. With recommendations for improvements, it is an important guide for Austrian policy makers toward a safer and cleaner energy future. |
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries - Switzerland --
2007 Review, 128 pages, ISBN
978-92-64-03069-5, paper €75, PDF €60 (2007)
Type: Country Reviews
Subject: Energy Efficiency ; Energy Market Reform ; Energy Policy ; OECD Countries
Switzerland is entering decisive times in its energy policy.
In 2008, the country should see remarkable advance in
electricity market reform. Support for renewable electricity
is set to increase massively. Decisions on post-Kyoto
targets are getting closer, and a CO2 tax will be introduced
for heating and process fuels. Plus, new measures to
increase energy efficiency and the broader use of renewable
energy are high on the political agenda.
Since the last in-depth review in 2003, Switzerland has made progress in most areas of energy policy. Still, more work remains to be done. Maintaining sufficient electricity capacity implies even stronger policies to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. At the same time, the country will also need to decide which sources to use for large-scale power supply. High dependency on oil can become a burden in a post-Kyoto world. In particular, Switzerland’s climate policy should focus more on reducing emissions from private car use, the largest and fastest-growing emitter. Current measures have not proven effective, and the costs of reducing CO2 emissions are being distorted across sectors. Switzerland’s world-class energy R&D is expected to more than halve energy needs per capita by the second half of this century. This ambitious goal needs to be supported by consistent policies on energy efficiency and climate change. This book takes an in-depth look at the energy challenges facing Switzerland and provides critiques and recommendations for policy improvements. The review guides the country towards a sustainable energy future. |
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries - Ireland --
2007 Review, 154 pages, ISBN
978-92-64-02562-2, paper €75, PDF €60 (2007)
Type: Country Reviews
Subject: Energy Efficiency ; Energy Market Reform ; Energy Policy ; OECD Countries ; Renewable Energy
Ireland’s remarkable economic growth over the last 15 years
had strong effects on the energy sector. Due to rapidly
increasing demand, Ireland has become much more dependent on
international energy markets than it was in the past. For
Irish energy policy, 2007 is a watershed year. It marks the
end of the transition in market liberalisation with the
introduction of a unified national electricity market. In
addition, the publication of a new energy policy should help
to ensure future security of supply and bring environmental
improvements of energy use.
Ireland is highly dependent on oil and increasingly dependent on natural gas. The price of these two commodities has strongly increased recently, which results in a heavy burden for the Irish economy and a risk for energy security. The main alternative in the supply side is coal and peat, which causes greenhouse gas emissions to rise much faster than expected. This review analyses the energy challenges facing Ireland and suggests solutions, focussing on moving ahead with market reform and increasing the energy efficiency of the Irish economy. Establishing the “All-Island” electricity market will be of critical importance. Sharper focus on energy efficiency in all sectors of the economy, but in particular in transport and buildings, must be a priority. Finally, to achieve its ambitious goals for renewables in energy supply, Ireland will have to provide ample resources for research and development, to allow technologies such as ocean power to move from the laboratory to the market. |
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries - Germany --
2007 Review, 184 pages, ISBN
978-92-64-02223-2, paper €75, PDF €60 (2007)
Type: Country Reviews
Subject: Climate Change ; Energy Market Reform ; Energy Policy ; OECD Countries
Few countries can have as great an impact on energy policy
in Europe as Germany. Its large size and strategic location
make it a critical component of the region’s energy markets
– as a result, sound energy policies and strong energy
market design are a necessity. In these respects, Germany
continues to make notable progress. The country has
continued to reform its electricity and natural gas markets,
set a timetable to phase out coal subsidies, is meeting key
climate and environmental targets and is bringing energy,
efficiency and environment to the top of the world agenda
with its presidencies of both the G8 and European Union. The
International Energy Agency (IEA) praises these efforts.
Nevertheless, work remains to be done to further improve German energy policies and markets. The planned phase-out of nuclear power over the coming years would have major impacts on the country’s energy mix, raising concerns about energy security, economic efficiency and environmental sustainability for the country and for Europe as a whole. Furthermore, though progress has been made, more needs to be done to set a truly level playing field for competition to develop in gas and electricity markets, which means effective unbundling of transport activities and a strongly empowered regulatory authority. Finally, the country’s environmental policies, though helping meet ambitious goals, are expensive – and sometimes various policies work at cross-purposes. This book takes an in-depth look at the energy challenges facing Germany, and through comparisons with good examples in other IEA countries, provides critiques and recommendations for policy improvements. The review guides the country towards a sustainable energy future. |
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Tackling Investment Challenges in Power Generation --
In IEA Countries, 208 pages, ISBN
978-92-64-03007-7, paper €75, PDF €60 (2007)
Type: Studies
Subject: Electricity ; Energy Market Reform ; Energy Policy ; Energy Security ; Investment
To meet increasing demand and replace ageing power units,
considerable investment in new power generation will be
required over the next decade. In most IEA countries a new
investment cycle in power generation is looming: Many
uncertainties create risks that may lead to inappropriate
investment – too little, too late, in the wrong location and
with the wrong technology. A window of opportunity now
exists to push for a cleaner and more efficient generation
portfolio that could transform the power sector and help to
build a more sustainable infrastructure lasting over the
next 40-50 years.
What are the recent trends and prospects for investment in power generation? What are the main drivers and barriers? This book assesses these issues and gives special emphasis to the question of how uncertainties may affect investment decisions. Uncertainties on CO2 constraints, on power plant licensing, on acceptability of nuclear power, on local opposition to any new energy infrastructure, on government support for specific generation technologies and on government policies on energy efficiency are particularly disturbing. Market liberalisation can also be a key uncertainty, but this may be greatly reduced and deliver considerable benefits if liberalisation is implemented whole-heartedly and backed by on-going government commitment. Government action is urgently needed: to reduce regulatory uncertainty for investors, to establish effective competitive markets and to give firm policy directions in those areas where markets fall short, such as in taking environmental costs and security of supply into account. Tackling Investment Challenges in Power Generation shows the way forward. |
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Energy Prices and Taxes - ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION --
Quarterly publication, 520 pages,
ISBN 0256-2332 (paper) 1683-4321 (CD-ROM), paper €350, PDF €280,
CD-ROM €800 (2008)
Energy Prices & Taxes contains a major international
compilation of energy prices at all market levels: import
prices, industry prices and consumer prices. The statistics
cover main petroleum products, gas, coal and electricity,
giving for imported products an average price both for
importing country and country of origin. Every issue
includes full notes on sources and methods and a description
of price mechanisms in each country.
Single Edition €110, PDF € 88 _________________________________________________ Longer series for the prices and taxes are available on the CD-ROM. |
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Energy Prices and Taxes - SINGLE ISSUE --
Quarterly publication, 520 pages,
ISBN 0256-2332, paper €110, PDF €88 (2008)
Energy Prices & Taxes contains a major international
compilation of energy prices at all market levels: import
prices, industry prices and consumer prices. The statistics
cover main petroleum products, gas, coal and electricity,
giving for imported products an average price both for
importing country and country of origin. Every issue
includes full notes on sources and methods and a description
of price mechanisms in each country.
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IEA Publications on 'Energy Projections'
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CO2 Capture and Storage --
A Key
Carbon Abatement Option, 266 pages, ISBN 978-92-64-041400,
paper €100, PDF €80 (2008)
Type: Studies
Subject: Climate Change ; CO2 Emissions ; Energy Projections ; Sustainable Development
Oil, coal and natural gas will remain the world’s dominant
sources of energy over the next decades, with resulting
carbon dioxide emissions set to increase to unsustainable
levels. However, technologies that help reduce CO2 emissions
from fossil fuels can reverse this trend. CO2 capture and
storage (CCS) is particularly promising. CCS takes CO2 from
large stationary sources and stores it in deep geological
layers to prevent its release into the atmosphere.
At their Gleneagles summit in 2005, G8 leaders asked the IEA to advise on alternative energy scenarios and strategies aimed at a “clean clever and competitive energy future”, and to work on accelerating the development and commercialization of CCS. CO2 Capture and Storage: A Key Carbon Abatement Option responds to the G8 request. The study documents progress toward the development of CCS: • Capture, transportation and storage technologies and their costs • Storage capacity estimates • Regional assessment of CCS potential • Legal and regulatory frameworks • Public awareness and outreach strategies • Financial mechanisms and international mechanisms The IEA study discusses also the role of CCS in ambitious new energy scenarios that aim for substantial emissions reduction. This publication elaborates the potential of CCS in coal-fuelled electricity generation and estimates for capture in the industry and fuel transformation sectors. Finally, it assesses the infrastructure needed to process and transport large volumes of CO2. With an updated roadmap of CCS development needs in the near and long term, this publication equips decision makers in the public and private sector with essential information that is needed for accelerating its demonstration and deployment in a sustainable manner. Executive Summary in French |
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World Energy Outlook 2008 --
To be
released on 12 November 2008, ISBN 978-92-64-04560-6, paper
€135, PDF €108 (2008)
Take advantage of the above
special pre-sale 10% reduction, which is valid until 12
November 2008.
After 12 November, this publication will be sold at its regular cover price of €150 per paper copy and €120 for a PDF - 1 user. Additionally, we offer the following special discounts: - 30% discount for universities and non-profit organisations - 50% discount for clients based in developing countries Please send an email to books@iea.org for your special discount to be set up. Please do not place your order before receiving your confirmation e-mail. Are world oil and gas supplies under threat? How could a new international accord on stabilising greenhouse-gas emissions affect global energy markets? World Energy Outlook 2008 answers these and other burning questions. WEO-2008 draws on the experience of another turbulent year in energy markets to provide new energy projections to 2030, region by region and fuel by fuel. It incorporates the latest data and policies. WEO-2008 focuses on two pressing issues facing the energy sector today: • Prospects for oil and gas production: How much oil and gas exists and how much can be produced? Will investment be adequate? Through field-by-field analysis of production trends at 800 of the world’s largest oilfields, an assessment of the potential for finding and developing new reserves and a bottom-up analysis of upstream costs and investment, WEO-2008 takes a hard look at future global oil and gas supply. • Post-2012 climate scenarios: What emissions limits might emerge from current international negotiations on climate change? What role could cap-and-trade and sectoral approaches play in moving to a low-carbon energy future? Two different scenarios are assessed, one in which the atmospheric concentration of emissions is stabilised at 550 parts per million (ppm) in CO2 equivalent terms and the second at the still more ambitious level of 450ppm. The implications for energy demand, prices, investment, air pollution and energy security are fully spelt out. This ground-breaking analysis will enable policy makers to distill the key choices as they strive to agree in Copenhagen in 2009 on a post-Kyoto climate framework. With extensive data, detailed projections and in-depth analysis, WEO-2008 provides invaluable insights into the prospects for the global energy market and what they mean for climate change. |
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Medium-Term Oil Market Report (MTOMR) 2008, 97 pages, ISBN
N/A, paper €500, PDF €400 (2008)
Subscribers to the IEA Oil Market Report will receive the Medium-Term Oil Market Report (MTOMR) as part of their subscription. New subscriptions are available for 2450 Euros, and include the monthly report from October 2008 until December 2009, and both the July 2008 and July 2009 issues of the MTOMR. To complete subscription formalities, email to OMRSubscriptions@iea.org To order an individual copy of the MTOMR, please order on this page. Why have oil prices hit $140 per barrel? How strong will oil demand be in the upcoming years? Will supply of crude oil, natural gas liquids and biofuels be sufficient to meet this future demand? And, no less crucially, what investments in refining capacity and technology can we expect and will these help ease some of the imbalance in strained oil product markets? Now into its third year, the Medium-Term Oil Market Report published by the International Energy Agency (IEA) has become a new benchmark, complementing the short-term market analysis provided in the IEA Oil Market Report. This year’s edition reappraises all upstream and downstream projects worldwide, setting them against a revised demand forecast and expanding the time horizon to 2013. Special features this year include in-depth analyses of price formation, transport trends, non-OECD economies, non-OPEC production decline, project slippage, key crude export pipeline developments and a stronger emphasis on product supply bottlenecks. An essential report for all policy makers, market analysts, energy experts and anyone interested in understanding and following oil market trends, the Medium-Term Oil Market Report is a further element of the strong commitment of the IEA to improving and expanding the quality, timeliness and accuracy of energy data and analysis. |
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Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 --
Scenarios and Strategies to 2050,
650 pages, ISBN 978-92-64-04142-4, paper €100, PDF €80 (2008)
For more information:
Special ETP page
The world needs ever increasing energy supplies to sustain economic growth and development. But energy resources are under pressure and CO2 emissions from today’s energy use already threaten our climate. What options do we have for switching to a cleaner and more efficient energy future? How much will it cost? And what policies do we need? This second edition of Energy Technology Perspectives addresses these questions, drawing on the renowned expertise of the International Energy Agency and its energy technology network. This publication responds to the G8 call on the IEA to provide guidance for decision makers on how to bridge the gap between what is happening and what needs to be done in order to build a clean, clever and competitive energy future. The IEA analysis demonstrates that a more sustainable energy future is within our reach, and that technology is the key. Increased energy efficiency, CO2 capture and storage, renewables, and nuclear power will all be important. We must act now if we are to unlock the potential of current and emerging technologies and reduce the dependency on fossil fuels with its consequent effects on energy security and the environment. This innovative work demonstrates how energy technologies can make a difference in an ambitious series of global scenarios to 2050. The study contains technology road maps for all key energy sectors, including electricity generation, buildings, industry and transport. Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 provides detailed technology and policy insights to help focus the discussion and debate in energy circles. The IEA bookshop offers a discount on bulk orders: 30% for 20-49 copies 50% for 50 or more copies Please contact books@iea.org for your discount to be set up. |
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World Energy Outlook 2007 --
China
and India Insights, 670 pages, ISBN 978-92-64-02730-5,
paper €150, PDF €120 (2007)
Type: Studies
Subject: CO2 Emissions ; Energy Policy ; Energy Projections ; Energy Security ; Investment
Special discounts:
- 80% discount for clients based in India and China - 30% discount for universities and non-profit organisations - 50% discount for clients based in developing countries, other than India and China Please send an email to books@iea.org for your special discount to be set up. Please do not place your order before receiving your confirmation e-mail. World leaders have pledged to act to change the energy future. Some new policies are in place. But the trends in energy demand, imports, coal use and greenhouse gas emissions to 2030 in this year’s World Energy Outlook are even worse than projected in WEO 2006. China and India are the emerging giants of the world economy. Their unprecedented pace of economic development will require ever more energy, but it will transform living standards for billions. There can be no question of asking them selectively to curb growth so as to solve problems which are global. So how is the transition to be achieved to a more secure, lower-carbon energy system? WEO 2007 provides the answers. With extensive statistics, projections in three scenarios, analysis and advice, it shows China, India and the rest of the world why we need to co-operate to change the energy future and how to do it. |
IEA Publications on 'Environment'
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries - Austria --
2007 Review, ISBN
978-92-64-03075-6, paper €75, PDF €60 (2008)
Type: Country Reviews
Subject: Energy Efficiency ; Energy Market Reform ; Energy Policy ; Environment
Since the last review in 2002, Austrian energy policy has
seen many positive developments. Today, Austria counts among
the IEA member countries with the highest share of renewable
energy supply, thus increasing energy security and reducing
CO2 emissions. Great progress has also been made in the
utilisation of biomass for heat and electricity production.
Nevertheless, many challenges remain.
The climate strategy revision in 2007 is commendably realistic, but uncertainty remains whether it will be sufficient, and whether renewables and energy efficiency are well-balanced within it. While Austria is strongly promoting an increase of renewables production by adopting challenging targets, it is less ambitious in the area of energy efficiency. To achieve the renewables target, their supply will have to double, leading to significant increases in costs. In energy efficiency, while Austria is leading in developing efficient building solutions, there are concerns about implementation, especially about the lack of ambition and divergence in building codes. Overall, energy intensity has increased in recent years, and the government will have to put a strong focus on reversing this development. Despite the early opening of the energy markets, effective competition has failed to emerge. This is partially due to systemic weaknesses such as dominant incumbents, lack of transparency in price formulation and a weak regulatory system with the potential for conflicts of interest. This review thoroughly analyses Austrian energy policy and identifies the key challenges that need to be addressed. With recommendations for improvements, it is an important guide for Austrian policy makers toward a safer and cleaner energy future. |
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries – United States --
2007 Review, 200 pages, ISBN
978-92-64-03073-2, paper €75, PDF €60 (2008)
The United States is the largest economy and energy user in
the world. Significant developments have taken place in its
energy policy since the last IEA review in 2002. Most
important is the Energy Policy Act 2005 – a comprehensive
energy legislation which has set new directions, including
opening the way for a nuclear renaissance.
Two closely connected challenges shape all debates on the nation’s energy policy path: how to increase security by reducing the dependence on imported supplies; and how to address growing emissions of greenhouse gases. The United States national strategy is to find solutions largely through technology. It is a world leader in R&D and is driving development of carbon capture and storage and second-generation biofuels. But thus far, no federal government policy is in place to establish as a target an absolute reduction of CO2 emissions. The resulting uncertainty risks holding back investments into new technologies and may delay projects that are urgently required. The transport sector will be a key to a sustainable success. In the short to medium term, reduced fuel demand through higher vehicle efficiency will increase security and reduce CO2 emissions. Yet the policy for the revision of CAFÉ (the corporate average fuel economy) standards will leave consumers with vehicles that fall short of the technological possibilities. This review takes an in-depth look at these issues and provides recommendations on how the United States can do more to answer the challenges of both improving its security of energy supply and lowering its emissions intensity, demonstrating the significant improvements that can already be realised through existing technologies. |
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CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion 1971-2005 --
2007 Edition, 578 pages, ISBN
978-92-64-02771-8 (paper) 978-92-64-03733-5 (CD ROM), paper
€150, PDF €120, CD-ROM €500 (2007)
Type: Statistics Publication and CD-ROMs
Subject: Climate Change ; CO2 Emissions ; Environment ; Statistics
In recognition of fundamental changes in the way governments
approach energy-related environmental issues, the IEA has
prepared this publication on CO2 emissions from fuel
combustion. This annual publication was first published in
1997 and has become an essential tool for analysts and
policy makers in many international fora such as the
Conference of the Parties.
The thirteenth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Climate Change Convention (COP 13), in conjunction with the third meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (COP/MOP 3), will be meeting in Bali from 3 to 14 December 2007. The data in this book are designed to assist in understanding the evolution of the emissions of CO2 from 1971 to 2005 for more than 140 countries and regions by sector and by fuel. Emissions were calculated using IEA energy databases and the default methods and emission factors from the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories . Bi-lingual edition: English - French _________________________________________________ The CD-ROM and on-line service contain detailed time-series from 1960 for most OECD countries and from 1971 for the rest of the countries. |
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Climate Policy Uncertainty and Investment Risk, 144 pages,
ISBN 978-92-64-03014-5, paper €75, PDF €60 (2007)
Our climate is changing. This is certain. Less certain,
however, is the timing and magnitude of climate change, and
the cost of transition to a low-carbon world. Therefore,
many policies and programmes are still at a formative stage,
and policy uncertainty is very high.
This book identifies how climate change policy uncertainty may affect investment behaviour in the power sector. For power companies, where capital stock is intensive and long-lived, those risks rank among the biggest and can create an incentive to delay investment. Our analysis results show that the risk premiums of climate change uncertainty can add 40% of construction costs of the plant for power investors, and 10% of price surcharges for the electricity end-users. Climate Policy Uncertainty and Investment Risk tells what can be done in policy design to reduce these costs. Incorporating the results of quantitative analysis, this publication also shows the sensitivity of different power sector investment decisions to different risks. It compares the effects of climate policy uncertainty with energy market uncertainty, showing the relative importance of these sources of risk for different technologies in different market types. Drawing on extensive consultation with power companies and financial investors, it also assesses the implications for policy makers, allowing the key messages to be transferred into policy designs. This book is a useful tool for governments to improve climate policy mechanisms and create more certainty for power investors. See also related working paper |
Last Updated: 30 May, 2010
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